ANS anatomy and physiology

Question 1

Which is NOT a division of the autonomic nervous system?
a. sympathetic
b. somatic
c. parasympathetic
d. enteric

Answer 1

b. somatic

Question 2

Structurally, the nervous system is divided into the

Answer 2

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into

Answer 3

somatic and visceral (autonomic) systems or divisions

Question 4

The ANS has three major divisions:

Answer 4

the sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
the enteric nervous system

Question 5

The ANS provides ____________ to all parts of the body except for

Answer 5

neural control; skeletal muscle

Question 6

The ultimate responsibility of the ANS is

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

Dysregulation of the ANS is the basis of or a secondary response to many diseases including:

Answer 7

hypertension
DM
orthostatic hypotension
Parkinson’s disease
stroke
sleep disorders

Question 8

The entire CNS is made up of the

Answer 8

spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, and the cerebral hemisphere

Question 9

The central nervous system is surrounded and protected by

Answer 9

three connective tissue coverings called meninges

Question 10

The PNS consists of

Answer 10

spinal and cranial nerves (excluding CN 2) that are present outside the CNS

Question 11

The PNS differs from the CNS in the sense that the components are not

Answer 11

fully surrounded by bones

Question 12

Autonomic and somatic divisions are components in

Answer 12

both the CNS and PNS

Question 13

The autonomic nervous system innervates

Answer 13

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 14

The somatic nervous system innervates mainly

Answer 14

musculoskeletal structures and the sense of organs of the skin

Question 15

Both somatic and autonomic (visceral) divisions contain

Answer 15

efferent (motor, outflow), and afferent (sensory, inflow) components

Question 16

The SNS and PNS can function

Answer 16

antagonistically, synergistically, or independently to control effector tissues or organs

Question 17

The SNS system is the

Answer 17

“fight or flight” division

Question 18

The fight or flight system is also known as the

Answer 18

flight-fight-freeze response, the sympathetic alarm reaction, or the acute stress response

Question 19

The PNS system is the

Answer 19

rest and digest division

Question 20

Which type of muscle does NOT receive ANS signals?

Answer 20

skeletal muscle

Question 21

Preganglionic nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system are:
a. lightly myelinated B fibers
b. lightly myelinated C fibers
c. heavily myelinated Aa fibers
d. moderately myelinated Ay fibers

Answer 21

a. lightly myelinated B fibers

Question 22

The autonomic nervous system is also known as the

Answer 22

visceral nervous system

Question 23

Autonomic pathways have both

Answer 23

efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) neurons

Question 24

What is the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic afferent pathway?

Answer 24

lightly myelinated B fiber

Question 25

What is the postganglionic neuron in the autonomic afferent pathway?

Answer 25

nonmyelinated C fiber

Question 26

The ANS provides innervation to

Answer 26

smooth muscle cardiac muscle & pacemaker cells exocrine and endocrine glands white & brown adipose tissue liver cells lymphatic tissue

Question 27

What affect does SNS stimulation have on the CV system?

Answer 27

increased cardiac force, rate, conduction, & excitability constriction (a2) and dilation (b2) of coronary arterioles

Question 28

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the CV system?

Answer 28

decreased cardiac force, rate, conduction, and excitability dilation (M3) of coronary arterioles

Question 29

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the pulmonary system?

Answer 29

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 30

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the pulmonary system?

Answer 30

contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 31

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the GI system?

Answer 31

little increase in salivary secretion peristalsis inhibited sphincters constricted gall bladder relaxed glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis via the liver

Question 32

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the GI system?

Answer 32

stimulates salivary secretion peristalsis activated sphincters relaxed gall bladder contracted

Question 33

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the eye?

Answer 33

pupil dilates (mydriasis) ciliary muscle relaxes (far vision)

Question 34

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the eye?

Answer 34

pupil constricts (miosis) ciliary muscle contracts (near vision) tears (lacrimal glands)

Question 35

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the genitourinary system?

Answer 35

relaxation of smooth muscle of urinary bladder wall contraction of urinary bladder sphincter

Question 36

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the genitourinary system?

Answer 36

contraction of smooth muscle of urinary bladder wall relaxation of urinary bladder sphincter

Question 37

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the skin?

Answer 37

none

Question 38

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the skin?

Answer 38

vasoconstriction sweating (diaphoresis) piloerection (goose flesh)

Question 39

Somatic efferent pathways to effectors are a

Answer 39

1-neuron route from the spinal cord to the target

Question 40

ANS efferent pathways are normally as

Answer 40

2-neuron route from the spinal cord to the target

Question 41

The effector organ of the autonomic system is the

Answer 41

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, cardiac conducting fibers, and glands

Question 42

The effector organ of the somatomotor system is the

Answer 42

skeletal muscle

Question 43

Peripheral neurotransmitters of the somatomotor system include

Answer 43

acetylcholine

Question 44

Peripheral neurotransmitters of the autonomic system include

Answer 44

acetylcholine norepinephrine epinephrine

Question 45

What are two synonyms for "efferent"?

Answer 45

"motor" and "outflow"

Question 46

Which three structures comprise the brainstem?

Answer 46

medulla pons midbrain

Question 47

What are two synonyms for "afferent"?

Answer 47

"sensory" and "inflow"

Question 48

What is the receptor type of the somatomotor system?

Answer 48

nicotinic ACh (Nm)

Question 49

What is the receptor type of the ANS efferent system?

Answer 49

nicotinic ACh (Nn) muscarinic ACh: effector (target) organs of PNS Adrenergic: effector (target) organs of SNS