Fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base 2 Flashcards
Choose the statements that MOST accurately describe colloids. (select 3).
a. albumin can cause hyperchloremia metabolic acidosis
b. they are proinflammatory
c. Hetastarch dose should not exceed 20 mL/kg
d. albumin causes hypocalcemia
e. Dextran reduces blood viscosity
f. Colloids are associated with better outcomes than crystalloids
c. Hetastarch dose should not exceed 20 mL/kg
d. albumin causes hypocalcemia
e. Dextran reduces blood viscosity
___________ remain in the intravascular space, while _______ distribute from the plasma to the ECF
Colloids; crystalloids
Albumin binds ______________, and resuscitation with albumin may reduce
calcium; ionized calcium concentration
Extensive sodium chloride administration can produce
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
____________ are associated with anaphylactoid reactions, and they impair the ability to cross-match blood
Dextrans
How long do colloids increase plasma volume for?
3-6 hours
Dextran 40 reduces ____________ & improves __________ in vascular surgery
blood viscosity and improve microcirculatory flow
___________ is the only colloid that is derived from human blood products
Albumin
There is an FDA black box warning on synthetic colloids due to
risk of renal injury
Rate the coagulopathy of colloids from most to least.
Dextran > Hetastarch > hextend
Colloids such as dextran, hetastarch, and hextend should not exceed ___________ due to coagulopathy
20 mL/kg
What is the replacement ratio of colloids?
1:1
What is the replacement ratio of crystalloids:
3:1
Do colloids or crystalloids expand the ECF?
crystalloids
Do colloids or crystalloids only expand plasma volume?
colloids
Match each etiology of hyperkalemia with its BEST clinical example.
pseudohyperkalemia
transcellular shift
cellular injury
acidosis
tumor lysis syndrome
hemolysis of lab sample
pseudohyperkalemia- hemolysis of lab sample
transcellular shift- acidosis
cellular injury- tumor lysis syndrome
Normal serum potassium valvues are
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Potassium regulates the ______________
resting membrane potential
Hypokalemia _____________ membranes
hyperpolarizes
Hyperkalemia ___________ membranes
depolarizes
The most important regulator of potassium homeostasis is the
kidney
Decreased glomerular filtration _______- serum potassium
increases
Hypokalemia (< 3.5 mEq/L) is caused by
poor intake, GI loss, renal loss, or redistribution (K+ shifts into cells)