Brain Flashcards
What are the four types of glial cells in the central nervous system?
astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
oligodendrocytes
The ______ is the functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
The primary role of the neuron is to
receive and send information
_______ form white matter
Myelinated axons
_______ forms grey matter
Cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons
A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a
nucleus
Most brain tumors arise from
glial cells
The glial cells (nerve glue) support
neuronal function
The three types of neurons found in the CNS include
Multipolar (most of the CNS neurons)
Pseudounipolar
bipolar
The glial cells support neuronal function through these 4 actions:
creating a healthy ionic environment
modulating nerve conduction
controlling reuptake of neurotransmitters
repairing neurons following neuronal injury
These glial cells act as macrophages and phagocytize neuronal debris.
microglia
These glial cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
*Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS
These glial cells produce CSF
ependymal cells
These glial cells regulate the metabolic environment and repair the neuron after neuronal injury
astrocytes
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal
The brain can be divided into four areas:
cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum
The cerebral hemispheres contain the
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
basal ganglia
The diencephalon contains the
thalamus & hypothalamus
The brainstem contains the
midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular activating system
The cerebellum can be divided into the
archeocerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum
The frontal cortex contains the ______ cortex
motor
The parietal cortex contains the ______ cortex
somatic sensory
The occipital cortex contains the ______ cortex
vision
The temporal cortex contains the ______ cortex
auditory cortex & speech centers
Wernicke’s area is responsible for
understanding speech
Broca’s area is responsible for
motor control of speech
The hippocampus is responsible for
memory and learning
The amygdala is responsible for
emotion, appetite, responds to pain and stressors
The basal ganglia is responsible for
fine control of movement
The cerebral cortex is responsible for
cognition, movement, and sensation
The primary neurohumoral organ is the
hypothalamus
The ______ acts as a relay station that directs information to various cortical structures
thalamus
The RAS system controls
consciousness, arousal, and sleep
This cerebellum maintains equilibrium
archicerebellum
This cerebellum regulates muscle tone
paleocerebellum
This cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movement
Neocerebellum
Where is the reticular activating system located?
brainstem
Which cranial nerve is MOST likely to be compressed by a pituitary tumor?
a. olfactory
b. optic
c. oculomotor
d. facial
B. optic
What are the 12 cranial nerve pairs?
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomotor
- Trochlear
- trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Spinal accessory
- hypoglossal
Eye movement is controlled by the following cranial nerves:
CN 3, 4, and 6
Bell’s palsy results from injury to the
facial nerve (CN 7)
Parasympathetic output is carried by CN
3, 7, 9, & 10
This cranial nerve generates excruciating neuropathic pain in the face
Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia CN 5)
This nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic activity
Vagus nerve (CN 10)
The mneumonic for the five branches of the facial nerve is
Two Zebras Bit My Carrot
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical
Which cranial nerve is not part of the peripheral nervous system?
the optic nerve CN 2; it is a cranial nerve
The mnemonic to remember nerve names is
On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How
What is the mnemonic to remember the functions of the cranial nerves
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money
The bedside test to check the olfactory nerve is
smell
The bedside test to check the optic nerve is
vision
The bedside test to check the oculomotor nerve is
eye movement
pupil constriction
The bedside test to check the trochlear nerve is
eye movement
The bedside test to check the trigeminal nerve is
sensation to face, anterior 2/3rd of tongue, muscles of mastication
The trigeminal nerve is composed of
V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular
The bedside test to check the abducens nerve is
eye movement
The bedside test to check the facial nerve is
eyelid movement except mastication
eyelid closing
taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
The bedside test to check the vestibulocochlear nerve is
hearing and balance
The bedside test to check the glossopharyngeal nerve is
somatic sensation and taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
The bedside test to check the vagus nerve is
swallowing
The bedside test to check the spinal accessory nerve is
shoulder shrug
The bedside test to check the hypoglossal nerve is
tongue movement
