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Apex Review > Cardiovascular anatomy & physiology 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular anatomy & physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the expected oxygen delivery in a 70-kg adult?
a. 20 mL/dL
b. 1000 mL/min
c. 250 mL/min
d. 15 mL/dL

A

b. 1000 mL/min.

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2
Q

_____________ tells us how many grams of oxygen are contained in a deciliter of arterial blood.

A

Oxygen content (CaO2)

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3
Q

What is the oxygen content equation?

A

CaO2= (Hgb x SaO2 x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

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4
Q

What is the estimated oxygen content for a 70 kg male?

A

20 mL/dL

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5
Q

__________ tells us how much O2 is carried in arterial blood and how fast it’s being delivered to the tissues.

A

Oxygen delivery

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6
Q

What is the oxygen delivery equation?

A

Do2= Cardiac output x [(Hgb x SaO2 x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)] x 10

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7
Q

What is the estimated oxygen delivery in a 70 kg male?

A

1000 mL

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8
Q

__________ tells us how much oxygen is extracted by the tissues.

A

The oxygen extraction ratio (EO2)

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9
Q

What is the estimated oxygen extraction ratio?

A

25%

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10
Q

_____ tells us how much oxygen is consumed by the tissues

A

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

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11
Q

What is the estimated oxygen consumption?

A

250 mL/min or 3.5 mL/kg/min

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12
Q

_____________ tells us how much oxygen is carried in venous blood

A

Venous oxygen content

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13
Q

What is the estimated venous oxygen content?

A

15 mL/dL

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14
Q

Blood flow is inversely proportional to:
a. body temperature
b. vessel diameter
c. arteriovenous pressure difference
d. hematocrit

A

d. hematocrit

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15
Q

What is the basic equation for flow?

A

flow = (P1-P2)/resistance

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16
Q

Poiseuille’s law is an adaptation of Ohm’s law that incorporates

A

vessel diameter
viscosity
tube length

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17
Q

The best way to impact flow is to change

A

the radius because flow is directly proportional to the radius raised to the 4th power

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18
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily determined by the

A

radius of the arterioles

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19
Q

____________ can be used to predict if the flow will be laminar or turbulent

A

Reynolds’ number

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20
Q

Reynolds number <2000 predicts that flow will be

A

mostly laminar

21
Q

Reynolds’ number >4000 predicts that flow will be

A

mostly turbulent

22
Q

Reynolds 2000-4000 suggests

A

transitional flow

23
Q

The vibrations that occur with turbulent flow can

A

produce a murmur (valvular heart disease) or bruit (carotid stenosis)

24
Q

Blood viscosity is directly proportional to _______________- and inversely proportional to _______________

A

hematocrit; body temperature

25
Q

When administering PRBCs, we can improve flow by

A

diluting the unit with normal saline and running it through a warming device

26
Q

What are the 5 components of Poiseuille’s Law?

A

radius
Q= blood flow
length
viscosity
Arteriovenous pressure gradient (Pa-Pv)

27
Q

Normal cardiac output is

A

5-6 L/min.

28
Q

Normal stroke volume is

A

50-100 mL/beat

29
Q

Normal ejection fraction is

30
Q

Normal MAP is

A

70-105 mmHg

31
Q

Normal systemic vascular resistance is

A

800-1500 dynes x sec x cm-5

32
Q

Normal pulmonary vascular resistance is

A

150-250 dynes x sec x cm-5

33
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

34
Q

What is the formal for cardiac index?

35
Q

What is the normal value of cardiac index?

A

2.8-4.2 L/min/m2

36
Q

What is the equation for stroke volume?

A

EDV-ESV
or CO x 1000/HR

37
Q

What is the formula for stroke volume index?

38
Q

What is the normal value for stroke volume index?

A

30-65 mL/beat/m2

39
Q

What is the ejection fraction formula?

A

SV/EDV x 100
or
EDV-ESV/EDV x 100

40
Q

What is the MAP formula?

A

(1/3 x SBP) + (2/3 x DBP)
(CO X SVR)/80 X CVP

41
Q

What is the pulse pressure formula?

A

SBP-DBP
or stroke volume output/arterial tree compliance

42
Q

What is the normal value of pulse pressure?

43
Q

What is the formula for systemic vascular resistance?

A

MAP-CVP/CO X 80

44
Q

What is the formula for systemic vascular resistance index?

A

MAP-CVP/CI X 80

45
Q

What is the normal value of systemic vascular resistance index?

A

1500-2400 dynes x sec x cm-5/m2

46
Q

What is the formula for pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

MPAP-PAOP/CO x 80

47
Q

What is the formula for pulmonary vascular resistance index?

A

MPAP-PAOP/CI x 80

48
Q

What is the normal value for pulmonary vascular resistance index?

A

250-400 dynes x sec x cm-5/m2

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