Miscellaneous monitors & equipment

Question 1

Choose the statements that MOST accurately describe the Bispectral Index monitor. Select 2
a. ketamine falsely elevates the BIS value
b. the BIS value is calculated in real time
c. The BIS value and Patient Safety index value are interpreted in the same way
d. Burst suppression begins at a BIS value of 20

Answer 1

a. ketamine falsely elevates the BIS value
d. burst suppression begins at a BIS value of 20

Question 2

The bispectral index monitor uses a computer algorithm that translates raw EEG data into

Answer 2

a number between 0-100

Question 3

A BIS value of 100 indicates

Answer 3

fully awake

Question 4

A BIS value of 80 indicates

Answer 4

moderate sedation

Question 5

A BIS value of 40-60 indicates

Answer 5

general anesthesia

Question 6

A BIS value of 40 indicates

Answer 6

a deep hypnotic state

Question 7

A BIS value of 20 indicates

Answer 7

burst suppression

Question 8

A BIS value of 0 indicates

Answer 8

absence of electrical activity

Question 9

The accuracy of the BIS is affected by

Answer 9

hypothermia
EMG interference (increased muscle tone)
encephalopathy
ketamine

Question 10

The patient state index is similar to the BIS, however the target range for general anesthesia is

Answer 10

25-50

Question 11

As the level of anesthesia becomes deeper, the EEG waveforms exhibit a

Answer 11

lower frequency
higher amplitude

Question 12

The BIS is less accurate in

Answer 12

children

Question 13

Select the statement that MOST accurately describes the function of the line isolation monitor.
a. if a piece of equipment becomes grounded, it cuts off the power supply to that piece of equipment
b. it protects the patient from microshock
c. The alarm sounds when the OR power supply becomes grounded
d. It isolates electrical equipment from the ground

Answer 13

c. the alarm sounds when the OR power supply becomes grounded

Question 14

An electrical current that enters the body will exit the body along

Answer 14

the path of least resistance

Question 15

Consequences of electrical injury include

Answer 15

cardiac arrhythmias
nerve injury–> muscle contractions & diaphragmatic paralysis
thermal injury

Question 16

_________ is a comparatively larger amount of current that is applied to the external surface of the body.

Answer 16

Macroshock

Question 17

One-hundred millamperes can cause

Answer 17

ventricular fibrillation

Question 18

_________ is a comparatively smaller amount of current that is applied directly to the myocardium

Answer 18

Microshock

Question 19

The electrical systems in the OR are designed to reduce

Answer 19

the risk of electric shock

Question 20

The risk of electrical shock in the OR is minimized because the OR power supply is _____________ and the equipment is _____________

Answer 20

NOT grounded; grounded

Question 21

For a shock in the OR to occur, there must be two faults in the system:

Answer 21

first fault- the OR power supply becomes grounded
second fault- the circuit is complete & electric shock occurs

Question 22

The line isolation monitor assess the integrity of

Answer 22

the ungrounded power system in the OR

Question 23

The line isolation monitor will alarm if

Answer 23

the sum of all currents exceeds 2-5 mA

Question 24

If the line isolation monitor alarm sounds,

Answer 24

the last piece of equipment that was plugged in should be unplugged

Question 25

Electricity obeys _________ law

Answer 25

Ohm's

Question 26

Voltage is equal to

Answer 26

current x impedance (resistance)

Question 27

To receive a shock, a person must

Answer 27

become part of and complete an electrical circuit

Question 28

_______________ increases the patient's susceptibility to microshock.

Answer 28

A central line, PA catheter or pacing wires b/c they provide a direct conductive pathway to the heart

Question 29

An _______________ is required to supply the ungrounded power to the OR.

Answer 29

isolation transformer

Question 30

Choose the statements that BEST describe the surgical electrocautery unit. (select 2) a. the return pad grounds the patient b. electrocautery can suppress pacemaker function c. bipolar electrocautery requires a return pad d. a return pad that is too small increases the risk of thermal injury

Answer 30

b. electrocautery can suppress pacemaker function d. a return pad that is too small increases the risk of thermal injury

Question 31

The surgical electrocautery device delivers a

Answer 31

high-frequency current that is used to cut, coagulate, dissect, or destroy tissue

Question 32

When a monopolar device is used, a

Answer 32

grounding pad is applied to the patient

Question 33

If the return pad fails, the patient is

Answer 33

at risk for burns

Question 34

The electrical energy from the electrocautery unit exits the body via

Answer 34

the return pad

Question 35

The current return must not pass across

Answer 35

a pacemaker

Question 36

A bipolar device does

Answer 36

not need a return pad b/c the forceps contains the active as well as the return electrode

Question 37

Is vfib a risk with electrocautery?

Answer 37

No b/c it doesn't affect excitable cells

Question 38

To prevent burns at the return pad site, the entire surface of the return

Answer 38

electrode should be in direct contact with the patient's skin and it should not be placed over bony prominences or metal implants

Question 39

If ______________ is used, then all metal jewelry should be removed because any metal on the patient can form capacitive coupling & increased burn risk

Answer 39

a capacitative-coupled return electrode