Miscellaneous monitors & equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Choose the statements that MOST accurately describe the Bispectral Index monitor. Select 2
a. ketamine falsely elevates the BIS value
b. the BIS value is calculated in real time
c. The BIS value and Patient Safety index value are interpreted in the same way
d. Burst suppression begins at a BIS value of 20

A

a. ketamine falsely elevates the BIS value
d. burst suppression begins at a BIS value of 20

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2
Q

The bispectral index monitor uses a computer algorithm that translates raw EEG data into

A

a number between 0-100

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3
Q

A BIS value of 100 indicates

A

fully awake

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4
Q

A BIS value of 80 indicates

A

moderate sedation

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5
Q

A BIS value of 40-60 indicates

A

general anesthesia

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6
Q

A BIS value of 40 indicates

A

a deep hypnotic state

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7
Q

A BIS value of 20 indicates

A

burst suppression

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8
Q

A BIS value of 0 indicates

A

absence of electrical activity

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9
Q

The accuracy of the BIS is affected by

A

hypothermia
EMG interference (increased muscle tone)
encephalopathy
ketamine

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10
Q

The patient state index is similar to the BIS, however the target range for general anesthesia is

A

25-50

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11
Q

As the level of anesthesia becomes deeper, the EEG waveforms exhibit a

A

lower frequency
higher amplitude

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12
Q

The BIS is less accurate in

A

children

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13
Q

Select the statement that MOST accurately describes the function of the line isolation monitor.
a. if a piece of equipment becomes grounded, it cuts off the power supply to that piece of equipment
b. it protects the patient from microshock
c. The alarm sounds when the OR power supply becomes grounded
d. It isolates electrical equipment from the ground

A

c. the alarm sounds when the OR power supply becomes grounded

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14
Q

An electrical current that enters the body will exit the body along

A

the path of least resistance

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15
Q

Consequences of electrical injury include

A

cardiac arrhythmias
nerve injury–> muscle contractions & diaphragmatic paralysis
thermal injury

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16
Q

_________ is a comparatively larger amount of current that is applied to the external surface of the body.

A

Macroshock

17
Q

One-hundred millamperes can cause

A

ventricular fibrillation

18
Q

_________ is a comparatively smaller amount of current that is applied directly to the myocardium

A

Microshock

19
Q

The electrical systems in the OR are designed to reduce

A

the risk of electric shock

20
Q

The risk of electrical shock in the OR is minimized because the OR power supply is _____________ and the equipment is _____________

A

NOT grounded; grounded

21
Q

For a shock in the OR to occur, there must be two faults in the system:

A

first fault- the OR power supply becomes grounded
second fault- the circuit is complete & electric shock occurs

22
Q

The line isolation monitor assess the integrity of

A

the ungrounded power system in the OR

23
Q

The line isolation monitor will alarm if

A

the sum of all currents exceeds 2-5 mA

24
Q

If the line isolation monitor alarm sounds,

A

the last piece of equipment that was plugged in should be unplugged

25
Q

Electricity obeys _________ law

A

Ohm’s

26
Q

Voltage is equal to

A

current x impedance (resistance)

27
Q

To receive a shock, a person must

A

become part of and complete an electrical circuit

28
Q

_______________ increases the patient’s susceptibility to microshock.

A

A central line, PA catheter or pacing wires b/c they provide a direct conductive pathway to the heart

29
Q

An _______________ is required to supply the ungrounded power to the OR.

A

isolation transformer

30
Q

Choose the statements that BEST describe the surgical electrocautery unit. (select 2)
a. the return pad grounds the patient
b. electrocautery can suppress pacemaker function
c. bipolar electrocautery requires a return pad
d. a return pad that is too small increases the risk of thermal injury

A

b. electrocautery can suppress pacemaker function
d. a return pad that is too small increases the risk of thermal injury

31
Q

The surgical electrocautery device delivers a

A

high-frequency current that is used to cut, coagulate, dissect, or destroy tissue

32
Q

When a monopolar device is used, a

A

grounding pad is applied to the patient

33
Q

If the return pad fails, the patient is

A

at risk for burns

34
Q

The electrical energy from the electrocautery unit exits the body via

A

the return pad

35
Q

The current return must not pass across

A

a pacemaker

36
Q

A bipolar device does

A

not need a return pad b/c the forceps contains the active as well as the return electrode

37
Q

Is vfib a risk with electrocautery?

A

No b/c it doesn’t affect excitable cells

38
Q

To prevent burns at the return pad site, the entire surface of the return

A

electrode should be in direct contact with the patient’s skin and it should not be placed over bony prominences or metal implants

39
Q

If ______________ is used, then all metal jewelry should be removed because any metal on the patient can form capacitive coupling & increased burn risk

A

a capacitative-coupled return electrode