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Apex Review > Respiratory physiology 4 > Flashcards

Respiratory physiology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 lung volumes?

A

inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
expiratory volume
residual volume
closing volume

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2
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume for a 70 kg male?

A

3000 mL

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3
Q

What is the tidal volume for a 70 kg male?

A

500 mL

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4
Q

What is the expiratory volume for a 70 kg male?

A

1100 mL

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5
Q

What is the residual volume for a 70 kg male?

A

1200 mL

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6
Q

What is the closing volume for a 70 kg male?

A

variable

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7
Q

What are the five lung capacities?

A

total lung capacity
vital capacity
inspiratory capacity
functional residual capacity
closing capacity

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8
Q

What makes up total lung capacity?

A

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

What is the total lung capacity for a 70 kg male?

A

5800 mL

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10
Q

What makes up vital capacity?

A

expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

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11
Q

What is the vital capacity for a 70 kg male?

A

4600 mL

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12
Q

What makes up inspiratory capacity?

A

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity for a 70 kg male?

A

3,500 mL

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14
Q

What makes up the functional residual capacity?

A

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

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15
Q

What is the functional residual capacity for a 70 kg male?

A

2300 mL

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16
Q

__________ cannot measure residual volume, TLC, FRC, closing capacity, or closing volume

A

Spirometry

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17
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

volume of gas that can be forcibly inhaled after a tidal inhalation

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18
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

volume of gas that enters and exits the lungs during tidal breathing

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19
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

volume of gas that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal exhalation

20
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

volume of gas that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation

21
Q

What is the closing volume?

A

the volume above residual volume where the small airways begin to close

22
Q

Tidal volume is

A

6-8 mL/kg

23
Q

Vital capacity is

A

65-75 mL/kg

24
Q

FRC is

A

35 mL/kg

25
Q

Lung volumes are ____ in females

A

~25% smaller

26
Q

Patients with asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis have an increased

A

residual volume, closing capacity and total lung capacity

27
Q

What conditions reduce FRC? (select 2).
a. advanced age
b. pulmonary edema
c. COPD
d. obesity

A

b. pulmonary edema
d. obesity

28
Q

Functional residual capacity is the

A

volume of air in the lungs at end-expiration

29
Q

FRC is the reservoir of oxygen that

A

prevents hypoxemia during apnea

30
Q

Conditions that decrease FRC include

A

general anesthesia
obesity
pregnancy
supine position
upright position
neuromuscular blockers
surgical displacement of the lung
neonates
high FiO2
fluid overload

31
Q

Conditions that increase FRC include

A

PEEP
advanced age
sigh breaths
prone & sitting positions

32
Q

At FRC, the inward elastic recoil of the lungs is balanced by

A

the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall- this is called static equilibrium

33
Q

FRC can be measured indirectly by

A

nitrogen washout
helium wash-in
body plethysmography

34
Q

How can you calculate the time until a patient desaturates?

A

time until desaturation= FRC/oxygen consumption

35
Q

These two factors can be used to restore FRC:

A

alveolar recruitment maneuvers
PEEP

36
Q

Closing capacity is the sum of closing volume and:
a. residual volume
b. expiratory reserve volume
c. functional residual capacity
d. tidal volume

A

a. residual volume

37
Q

Closing volume is the volume above

A

residual volume where the small airways begin to close during expiration

38
Q

Factors that increase closing volume include

A

COPD
LV failure
obesity
surgery
extremes of age
pregnancy

39
Q

When closing capacity is greater than FRC, airway closure occurs

A

during tidal breathing

40
Q

Early airway closure during tidal breathing contributes to

A

intrapulmonary shunting and hypoxemia

41
Q

Closing capacity increases as

A

we age

42
Q

At age 30, closing capacity~FRC when

A

under general anesthesia

43
Q

At age 44, closing capacity~FRC when

A

supine

44
Q

At age 66, closing capacity~FRC when

A

standing

45
Q

Factors that increase closing volume mnemonic:

A

CLOSE-P
COPD
Left ventricular failure
obesity
surgery
extremes of age
pregnancy

Apex Review (224 decks)

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