Respiratory physiology 4

Question 1

What are the 5 lung volumes?

Answer 1

inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
expiratory volume
residual volume
closing volume

Question 2

What is the inspiratory reserve volume for a 70 kg male?

Answer 2

3000 mL

Question 3

What is the tidal volume for a 70 kg male?

Answer 3

500 mL

Question 4

What is the expiratory volume for a 70 kg male?

Answer 4

1100 mL

Question 5

What is the residual volume for a 70 kg male?

Answer 5

1200 mL

Question 6

What is the closing volume for a 70 kg male?

Answer 6

variable

Question 7

What are the five lung capacities?

Answer 7

total lung capacity
vital capacity
inspiratory capacity
functional residual capacity
closing capacity

Question 8

What makes up total lung capacity?

Answer 8

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 9

What is the total lung capacity for a 70 kg male?

Answer 9

5800 mL

Question 10

What makes up vital capacity?

Answer 10

expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

Question 11

What is the vital capacity for a 70 kg male?

Answer 11

4600 mL

Question 12

What makes up inspiratory capacity?

Answer 12

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

What is the inspiratory capacity for a 70 kg male?

Answer 13

3,500 mL

Question 14

What makes up the functional residual capacity?

Answer 14

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 15

What is the functional residual capacity for a 70 kg male?

Answer 15

2300 mL

Question 16

__________ cannot measure residual volume, TLC, FRC, closing capacity, or closing volume

Answer 16

Spirometry

Question 17

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 17

volume of gas that can be forcibly inhaled after a tidal inhalation

Question 18

What is the tidal volume?

Answer 18

volume of gas that enters and exits the lungs during tidal breathing

Question 19

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 19

volume of gas that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal exhalation

Question 20

What is the residual volume?

Answer 20

volume of gas that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation

Question 21

What is the closing volume?

Answer 21

the volume above residual volume where the small airways begin to close

Question 22

Tidal volume is

Answer 22

6-8 mL/kg

Question 23

Vital capacity is

Answer 23

65-75 mL/kg

Question 24

FRC is

Answer 24

35 mL/kg

Question 25

Lung volumes are ____ in females

Answer 25

~25% smaller

Question 26

Patients with asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis have an increased

Answer 26

residual volume, closing capacity and total lung capacity

Question 27

What conditions reduce FRC? (select 2). a. advanced age b. pulmonary edema c. COPD d. obesity

Answer 27

b. pulmonary edema d. obesity

Question 28

Functional residual capacity is the

Answer 28

volume of air in the lungs at end-expiration

Question 29

FRC is the reservoir of oxygen that

Answer 29

prevents hypoxemia during apnea

Question 30

Conditions that decrease FRC include

Answer 30

general anesthesia obesity pregnancy supine position upright position neuromuscular blockers surgical displacement of the lung neonates high FiO2 fluid overload

Question 31

Conditions that increase FRC include

Answer 31

PEEP advanced age sigh breaths prone & sitting positions

Question 32

At FRC, the inward elastic recoil of the lungs is balanced by

Answer 32

the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall- this is called static equilibrium

Question 33

FRC can be measured indirectly by

Answer 33

nitrogen washout helium wash-in body plethysmography

Question 34

How can you calculate the time until a patient desaturates?

Answer 34

time until desaturation= FRC/oxygen consumption

Question 35

These two factors can be used to restore FRC:

Answer 35

alveolar recruitment maneuvers PEEP

Question 36

Closing capacity is the sum of closing volume and: a. residual volume b. expiratory reserve volume c. functional residual capacity d. tidal volume

Answer 36

a. residual volume

Question 37

Closing volume is the volume above

Answer 37

residual volume where the small airways begin to close during expiration

Question 38

Factors that increase closing volume include

Answer 38

COPD LV failure obesity surgery extremes of age pregnancy

Question 39

When closing capacity is greater than FRC, airway closure occurs

Answer 39

during tidal breathing

Question 40

Early airway closure during tidal breathing contributes to

Answer 40

intrapulmonary shunting and hypoxemia

Question 41

Closing capacity increases as

Answer 41

we age

Question 42

At age 30, closing capacity~FRC when

Answer 42

under general anesthesia

Question 43

At age 44, closing capacity~FRC when

Answer 43

supine

Question 44

At age 66, closing capacity~FRC when

Answer 44

standing

Question 45

Factors that increase closing volume mnemonic:

Answer 45

CLOSE-P COPD Left ventricular failure obesity surgery extremes of age pregnancy