ANS anatomy & physiology 3

Question 1

Signs of Horner syndrome include: (select 3)
a. contralateral hyperhidrosis
b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
d. contralateral ptosis
e. ipsilateral hyperhidrosis
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin

Answer 1

b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin

Question 2

Branches from the sympathetic trunks divide into

Answer 2

somatic and visceral groups

Question 3

Somatic groups generally travel to effectors in

Answer 3

spinal nerves

Question 4

Visceral groups are distributed to the effectors

Answer 4

via plexuses

Question 5

The stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic) is a confluence of the

Answer 5

inferior cervical ganglion and the T1 ganglion

Question 6

Blockade of the stellate ganglion results in

Answer 6

Horner’s syndrome

Question 7

Horner’s syndrome is comprised of

Answer 7

ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
anihidrosis
flushed skin
nasal congestion
enophthalmos

Question 8

Sympathetic ganglia are not simple ________________stations

Answer 8

one-to-one relay
The SNS has a postganglionic to preganglionic nerve ratio of about 30:1

Question 9

Visceral postganglionic sympathetic fibers to visceral effectors are distributed via four plexuses:

Answer 9

cardiac
celiac
aortic
hypogastric plexus

Question 10

The somatic group SNS efferents stimulate:

Answer 10

vasoconstriction of cutaneous arterioles
sweat gland secretions
piloerector muscle contraction

Question 11

All “route 1 to relay” postganglionic fibers travel as

Answer 11

somatic groups

Question 12

“Route 2 to relay” paths provide postganglionic sympathetic fibers to both

Answer 12

somatic and visceral groups

Question 13

SNS efferents to the head travel along the

Answer 13

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 14

The thoracic viscera receive SNS efferents distributed through the

Answer 14

cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses

Question 15

The superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia are a trio of interconnected ganglia that distribute

Answer 15

somatic and visceral efferents to the head, neck, and thoracic cavity

Question 16

The Horner’s syndrome mnemonic is

Answer 16

Very Homely PAM (vasodilation Horner Ptosis anhidrosis miosis)

Question 17

The largest sympathetic plexus is the

Answer 17

Celiac plexus

Question 18

What is another name for the stellate ganglion?

Answer 18

cervicothoracic ganglion

Question 19

What three skin structures receive sympathetic innervation via spinal nerves?

Answer 19

cutaneous arterioles
sweat glands
piloerector muscles

Question 20

Which cranial nerves provide motor innervation to salivary glands?
a. oculomotor
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
d. vagus

Answer 20

b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal

Question 21

What nerve lies within the CNS?

Answer 21

CN2 optic nerve

Question 22

Cranial nerves may contain _____________ fibers

Answer 22

both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

Question 23

A characteristic feature of cranial nerves is that their sensory and motor fibers

Answer 23

enter and exit the brainstem at the same site

Question 24

All cranial nerves innervate structures in

Answer 24

the head or neck

Question 25

In addition to structures in the head and neck, the vagus nerves innervates

Answer 25

viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 26

What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic outflow (efferents) to effector (target) organs and tissues?

Answer 26

3, 7, 9, & 10

Question 27

What is a mnemonic for names of cranial nerves?

Answer 27

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How

Question 28

What is a mnemonic for the functions of cranial nerves?

Answer 28

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money

Question 29

What is cranial nerve 1, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 29

olfactory, sensory, olfactory epithelium

Question 30

What is cranial nerve 2, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 30

optic, sensory, retina

Question 31

What is cranial nerve 3, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 31

oculomotor, motor, extraocular muscles, muscle of the eyelid and ciliary muscles of the eyeball

Question 32

What is cranial nerve 4, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 32

trochlear, motor, extraocular muscle: superior oblique

Question 33

What is cranial nerve 5, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 33

Trigeminal (V1, V2, & V3) , both, muscles of mastication, face, scalp, orbit & eyeball, nasal & oral cavities

Question 34

What is cranial nerve 6, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 34

Abducens, motor, extraocular muscle: lateral rectus

Question 35

What is cranial nerve 7, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 35

facial (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical), both, anterior 2/3rds of tongue, external auditory meatus, muscles of facial expression, salivary & lacrimal glands

Question 36

What is cranial nerve 8, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 36

vestibulocochlear, sensory, vestibular apparatus, cochlea

Question 37

What is cranial nerve 9, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 37

glossopharyngeal, both, middle ear, pharynx, tonsils, posterior 1/3rd of tongue, carotid body & sinus, muscles of pharynx & soft palate

Question 38

What is cranial nerve 10, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 38

Vagus, both, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, aortic bodies, aortic arch,

Question 39

What is cranial nerve 11, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 39

accessory, motor, sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles

Question 40

What is cranial nerve 12, the function, and the structures innervated?

Answer 40

hypoglossal, motor, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

Question 41

With the CN3 oculomotor nerve, the parasympathetic efferents innervate these intraocular muscles:

Answer 41

pupillary sphincter ciliary muscle

Question 42

The five terminal motor branches of the facial nerve are:

Answer 42

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical Two zebras bit my carrot

Question 43

Which structure is the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve? a. nucleus ambigus b. superior salivatory nucleus c. nucleus of tractus solitarius d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Answer 43

d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 44

Parasymapathetic nerves travel in cranial nerves ________ and in spinal nerves ____________-

Answer 44

3,7, 9 & 10; S2-S4

Question 45

The parasympathetic division is also known as the

Answer 45

craniosacral system

Question 46

Approximately ___________________ of parasympathetic outflow is through the vagal nerves.

Answer 46

75%

Question 47

The parasympathetic division is the ____________________ division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 47

"rest and digest"

Question 48

The anatomic characteristic of the parasympathetic efferent pathways is

Answer 48

Long preganglionic, short postganglionic neurons

Question 49

Preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN7 & CN9 piggyback on

Answer 49

branches of the trigeminal nerve to reach their ultimate targets