ANS anatomy & physiology 3 Flashcards
Signs of Horner syndrome include: (select 3)
a. contralateral hyperhidrosis
b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
d. contralateral ptosis
e. ipsilateral hyperhidrosis
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin
b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin
Branches from the sympathetic trunks divide into
somatic and visceral groups
Somatic groups generally travel to effectors in
spinal nerves
Visceral groups are distributed to the effectors
via plexuses
The stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic) is a confluence of the
inferior cervical ganglion and the T1 ganglion
Blockade of the stellate ganglion results in
Horner’s syndrome
Horner’s syndrome is comprised of
ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
anihidrosis
flushed skin
nasal congestion
enophthalmos
Sympathetic ganglia are not simple ________________stations
one-to-one relay
The SNS has a postganglionic to preganglionic nerve ratio of about 30:1
Visceral postganglionic sympathetic fibers to visceral effectors are distributed via four plexuses:
cardiac
celiac
aortic
hypogastric plexus
The somatic group SNS efferents stimulate:
vasoconstriction of cutaneous arterioles
sweat gland secretions
piloerector muscle contraction
All “route 1 to relay” postganglionic fibers travel as
somatic groups
“Route 2 to relay” paths provide postganglionic sympathetic fibers to both
somatic and visceral groups
SNS efferents to the head travel along the
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
The thoracic viscera receive SNS efferents distributed through the
cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses
The superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia are a trio of interconnected ganglia that distribute
somatic and visceral efferents to the head, neck, and thoracic cavity
The Horner’s syndrome mnemonic is
Very Homely PAM (vasodilation Horner Ptosis anhidrosis miosis)
The largest sympathetic plexus is the
Celiac plexus
What is another name for the stellate ganglion?
cervicothoracic ganglion
What three skin structures receive sympathetic innervation via spinal nerves?
cutaneous arterioles
sweat glands
piloerector muscles
Which cranial nerves provide motor innervation to salivary glands?
a. oculomotor
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
d. vagus
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
What nerve lies within the CNS?
CN2 optic nerve
Cranial nerves may contain _____________ fibers
both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
A characteristic feature of cranial nerves is that their sensory and motor fibers
enter and exit the brainstem at the same site
All cranial nerves innervate structures in
the head or neck
In addition to structures in the head and neck, the vagus nerves innervates
viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic outflow (efferents) to effector (target) organs and tissues?
3, 7, 9, & 10
What is a mnemonic for names of cranial nerves?
On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How
What is a mnemonic for the functions of cranial nerves?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money
What is cranial nerve 1, the function, and the structures innervated?
olfactory, sensory, olfactory epithelium
What is cranial nerve 2, the function, and the structures innervated?
optic, sensory, retina
What is cranial nerve 3, the function, and the structures innervated?
oculomotor, motor, extraocular muscles, muscle of the eyelid and ciliary muscles of the eyeball
What is cranial nerve 4, the function, and the structures innervated?
trochlear, motor, extraocular muscle: superior oblique
What is cranial nerve 5, the function, and the structures innervated?
Trigeminal (V1, V2, & V3) , both, muscles of mastication, face, scalp, orbit & eyeball, nasal & oral cavities
What is cranial nerve 6, the function, and the structures innervated?
Abducens, motor, extraocular muscle: lateral rectus
What is cranial nerve 7, the function, and the structures innervated?
facial (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical), both, anterior 2/3rds of tongue, external auditory meatus, muscles of facial expression, salivary & lacrimal glands
What is cranial nerve 8, the function, and the structures innervated?
vestibulocochlear, sensory, vestibular apparatus, cochlea
What is cranial nerve 9, the function, and the structures innervated?
glossopharyngeal, both, middle ear, pharynx, tonsils, posterior 1/3rd of tongue, carotid body & sinus, muscles of pharynx & soft palate
What is cranial nerve 10, the function, and the structures innervated?
Vagus, both, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, aortic bodies, aortic arch,
What is cranial nerve 11, the function, and the structures innervated?
accessory, motor, sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles
What is cranial nerve 12, the function, and the structures innervated?
hypoglossal, motor, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
With the CN3 oculomotor nerve, the parasympathetic efferents innervate these intraocular muscles:
pupillary sphincter
ciliary muscle
The five terminal motor branches of the facial nerve are:
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
Two zebras bit my carrot
Which structure is the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve?
a. nucleus ambigus
b. superior salivatory nucleus
c. nucleus of tractus solitarius
d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Parasymapathetic nerves travel in cranial nerves ________ and in spinal nerves ____________-
3,7, 9 & 10; S2-S4
The parasympathetic division is also known as the
craniosacral system
Approximately ___________________ of parasympathetic outflow is through the vagal nerves.
75%
The parasympathetic division is the ____________________ division of the autonomic nervous system
“rest and digest”
The anatomic characteristic of the parasympathetic efferent pathways is
Long preganglionic, short postganglionic neurons
Preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN7 & CN9 piggyback on
branches of the trigeminal nerve to reach their ultimate targets
