The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the Central Nervous System?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
    (within the skull and vertebral column)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A
  • Nerves
    (connects the CNS to the other tissues in the body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How heavy is the brain?

A

1.5kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do cranial nerves control?

A

control functions of face and special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do cranial nerves arise from?

A

arise from the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do spinal nerves control?

A

control functions of head, neck, arms, legs, thorax and internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do spinal nerves arise from?

A

arise from the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is the spinal cord (approx.)?

A

approximately 45cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a bundle of neurones together in the PNS make?

A

a nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the brain communicate with the body?

A

The brain sends and receives information to and from the body via the nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of neurotransmitters?

A
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Acetylcholine
  • Substance P
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • Histamine
  • Endorphins
  • Adrenaline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give (5) examples of uses of the nervous system

A
  • movement
  • sensation
  • memory
  • balance
  • language
  • behaviour
  • aging
  • sleep
  • sweating
  • hormone control
  • healing and immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are signs of neurological injury or illness?

A
  • Weakness
  • Sensory loss/changes
  • Reduced co-ordination
  • Reduced proprioception
  • Altered balance
  • Visual field loss
  • Hearing impairment
  • Altered speech
  • Unable to swallow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are symptoms of neurological injury or illness?

A
  • Double vision
  • Hearing loss
  • Pins and needles
  • Numbness
  • Pain (but not always!)
  • Weakness
  • Memory problems
  • Odd behaviour
  • Mood changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some examples of Peripheral nerve disorders?

A
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Sciatica
  • Trauma
  • Erb’s palsy
  • Neuropathy
  • Guillian Barre Syndrome
  • MND
19
Q

What are some examples of Central nervous disorders?

A
  • Stroke
  • Head injury
  • Meningitis
  • Cerebral palsy
  • MND
20
Q

What are some examples of neurodegenerative disease?

A
  • Parkinson’s
  • Huntington’s
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Prion disease
  • Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
  • Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia (SCA)
21
Q

What are some examples of neuropsychiatry disorders?

A
  • Seizures
  • Anxiety
  • Neurocognitive impairment
  • Neuropathic Pain (migrane)
  • Mania
  • Physical Disability
  • Addiction
  • Epilepsy
  • Mood disorder (aggression and violence)
22
Q

What is the purpose of the somatic nervous system?

A

guides your voluntary movements.

23
Q

What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system?

A

regulates the activities you do without thinking about them (involuntary movements).

24
Q

What is the name of the specialist receptor that connects the nervous system to the muscles?

A

motor end plate

25
Q

Spinal nerves connect the nervous system to what?

A

the spinal cord

26
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

a network of intersecting nerves that supply the same part of the body

27
Q

What are the different Plexi?

A
  • Cervical
  • Brachial
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
  • Autonomic (serving internal organs and GI tract)
28
Q

What area does the Cervical Plexus supply?

A

Head, Neck + Shoulders

29
Q

What are (4) nerves in the sensory branch of the Cervical Plexus?

A
  • Greater Auricular Nerve
  • Transverse Cervical Nerve
  • Lesser Occipital Nerve
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
30
Q

What area does the Brachial Plexus supply?

A

Chest, Shoulders, Arms and Hands

31
Q

What are the branches of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve supplies
  • Axillary nerve supplies
  • Median nerve supplies
  • Ulnar nerve supplies
  • Radial nerve supplies
32
Q

What is Neuropraxia?

A

Local myelin damage with the nerve still intact

33
Q

What is Axonotmesis?

A

The continuity of axons in lost.
The endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium can remain intact.
Loss of continuity of axons with Wallerian degeneration due to disruption of axoplasmic flow.

34
Q

What is Neurotmesis?

A

Complete physiological disruption of entire nerve trunk.

35
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

a network of intersecting nerves that supply the same part of the body

36
Q

What are the different nerve plexi?

A
  • Cervical
  • Brachial
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
  • Autonomic (serving internal organs + GI tract)
37
Q

What areas do the cervical plexus supply?

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Shoulders
38
Q

What areas do the brachial plexus supply?

A
  • Chest
  • Shoulders
  • Arms
  • Hands
39
Q

What are the (5) branches of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve supplies
  • Axillary nerve supplies
  • Median nerve supplies
  • Ulnar nerve supplies
  • Radial nerve supplies
40
Q

What areas do the lumbar plexus supply?

A
  • Back
  • Abdomen
  • Groin
  • Thighs
  • Knees
  • Calves
41
Q

What are the (6) branches of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Genitofemoral
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Obturator nerve
  • Femoral nerve
42
Q

What areas do the sacral plexus supply?

A
  • Pelvis
  • Buttocks
  • Genitals
  • Thighs
  • Calves
  • Feet
43
Q

What are the (5) branches of the sacral plexus?

A
  • Superior gluteal nerve supplies
  • Inferior gluteal nerve supplies
  • Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) supplies
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous
  • Pudendal nerve supplies