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Physiotherapy > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

How does the foot and ankle affect stability?

A
  • Stable base of support, helps with balance during motion
  • Acts as a rigid level during gait
  • Rigid structure for weight bearing
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2
Q

How does the foot & ankle affect mobility?

A
  • Dampens rotation
  • Absorbs shock
  • Conforms to different terrain
  • Problems with foot can cause problems elsewhere
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3
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A
  • lateral condyle
  • proximal half of lateral surface of tibia
  • adjacent interosseous membrane of leg
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4
Q

Where is the insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A
  • inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform bone
  • base of first metatarsal bone
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5
Q

What is the action produced by the tibialis anterior muscle?

A
  • dorsiflexes foot (ankle joint)
  • inverts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
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6
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A

deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply to the tibialis anterior muscle?

A

anterior tibial artery

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8
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A
  • posterior surface of tibia
  • inferior to soleal line
  • posterior surface of fibula
  • adjacent interosseous membrane of leg
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9
Q

Where is the insertion of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A
  • tuberosity of navicular bone
  • plantar aspects of medial, intermediate + lateral cuneiform bones
  • plantar aspects of bases of 2nd-4th metatarsal bones
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10
Q

What is the action produced by the tibialis posterior muscle?

A
  • inverts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
  • plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)
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11
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A

tibial nerve (L4-L5)

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the tibialis posterior?

A

posterior tibial and fibular arteries

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13
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A
  • lateral + medial condyle of femur
  • lateral supracodylar line
  • popliteal surface of femur
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14
Q

Where is the insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

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15
Q

What is the action produced by the gastrocnemius muscle?

A
  • plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)
  • flexes leg (knee joint)
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16
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

tibial nerve (S1-S2)

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

sural arteries

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18
Q

What is the origin of the soleus muscle?

A
  • head of fibula
  • posterior surface of fibula
  • soleal line
  • medial border of tibia
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19
Q

Where is the insertion of the soleus muscle?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

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20
Q

What is the action produced by the soleus muscle?

A

plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus muscle?

A

tibial nerve (S1-S2)

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22
Q

What is the arterial supply of the soleus muscle?

A
  • popliteal
  • fibular
  • posterior tibial
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23
Q

What is the origin of the peroneus longus muscle?

A
  • head and lateral surface of fibula
  • adjacent intermuscular septa
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24
Q

Where is the insertion of the peroneus longus muscle?

A
  • plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone
  • base of first metatarsal bone
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25
Q

What is the action produced by the peroneus longus muscle?

A
  • everts foot (subtalar and transverse joints)
  • assists in plantarflexion of foot (ankle joint)
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26
Q

What is the innervation of the peroneus longus muscle?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)

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27
Q

What is the arterial supply for the peroneus longus muscle?

A
  • anterior tibial artery
  • fibular artery
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28
Q

What is the origin of the peroneus brevis muscle?

A
  • lateral surface of fibula
  • adjacent intermuscular septa
29
Q

Where is the insertion of the peroneus brevis muscle?

A

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone

30
Q

What is the action produced by the peroneus brevis muscle?

A
  • everts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
  • assists in plantarflexion of foot (ankle joint)
31
Q

What is the innervation of the peroneus brevis muscle?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)

32
Q

What is the arterial supply to the peroneus brevis muscle?

A
  • anterior tibial artery
  • fibular artery
33
Q

What are the (3) ankle joints?

A
  • distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint
  • talocrural joint (ankle joint)
  • subtalar joint
34
Q

What type of joint is a distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint?

A

syndesmosis, fibrous joint

35
Q

What type of joint is a talocrural joint (ankle joint)?

A

a synovial, hinge joint

36
Q

What type of joint is a subtalar joint?

A

synovial, plane joint

37
Q

What movement is able to be produced at the subtalar joint?

A

allows rotation of the foot: inversion & eversion

38
Q

What movement is able to be produced at the talocrural joint?

A
  • dorsiflexion (30degrees)
  • plantarflexion (50 degrees)
39
Q

What is the transverse (MID) tarsal joint also known as?

A

Chopart’s joint

40
Q

What is the transverse (MID) tarsal joint?

A

Combined:
- Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
- Calcaneocuboid Joint

41
Q

What movement does the transverse (MID) tarsal joint produce?

A
  • Inversion
  • Eversion
42
Q

What type of joint are Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?

A

synovial, plane joints

43
Q

What are key ligaments for the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?

A
  • Dorsal TMT ligaments
  • Plantar TMT ligaments
  • Interosseous TMT ligaments
44
Q

What are tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?

A

joint between the 4 anterior tarsal bones (cuboid + 3x cuneiforms) & the bases of all 5 metatarsals

45
Q

What type of joint are metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?

A

synovial, condyloid joints

46
Q

What are metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?

A

between the rounded head of the metatarsal + cupped base of the proximal phalanx

47
Q

What are the key ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?

A
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Plantar ligament
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
48
Q

What bones articulate at interphalangeal joints?

A
  • head of the more proximal phalanx
  • base of the next distal phalanx
49
Q

What type of joint are interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge joints

50
Q

What movement is produced by interphalangeal joints?

A
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantarflexion
51
Q

What are the (2) key ligaments of interphalangeal joints?

A
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Plantar ligaments
52
Q

What are the (3) different arches of the foot?

A
  • medial longitudinal arch
  • lateral longitudinal arch
  • transverse arch
53
Q

What bones compose the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Cuneiforms (x3)
  • Medial first 3 metatarsals
54
Q

Describe the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

A

runs down the medial length of the foot longitudinally

55
Q

Describe the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.

A

runs down the lateral length of the foot longitudinally

56
Q

What bones compose the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid
  • Lateral 2 metatarsals
57
Q

Describe the transverse arch of the foot.

A

cuts transversely across the foot

58
Q

What bones compose the transverse arch of the foot?

A
  • Cuboid
  • Cuneiforms (x3)
  • Bases of the 5 metatarsals
59
Q

What are the (3) parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle?

A
  • Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
  • Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)
  • Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)
60
Q

What is stronger… the lateral ligament or medial collateral ligament (deltoid)?

A

medial collateral ligament (deltoid)

61
Q

What are the (4) parts of the deltoid ligament?

A
  • Anterior Tibiotalar part
  • Tibionavicular part
  • Tibiocalcaneal part
  • Posterior Tibiotalar part
62
Q

Which ligaments do most ankle sprains involve?

A

lateral ligaments

63
Q

What are grade 1 ligament tears like?

A

stretching & small tears

64
Q

What are grade 2 ligament tears like?

A

large tear

65
Q

What are grade 3 ligament tears like?

A

complete rupture

66
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for an ATFL tear injury?

A

inversion mechanism

67
Q

What (2) injuries can ATFL tear be associated with?

A
  • CFL
  • PTFL
68
Q
A

Physiotherapy (44 decks)

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