Foot & Ankle Flashcards
How does the foot and ankle affect stability?
- Stable base of support, helps with balance during motion
- Acts as a rigid level during gait
- Rigid structure for weight bearing
How does the foot & ankle affect mobility?
- Dampens rotation
- Absorbs shock
- Conforms to different terrain
- Problems with foot can cause problems elsewhere
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?
- lateral condyle
- proximal half of lateral surface of tibia
- adjacent interosseous membrane of leg
Where is the insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle?
- inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform bone
- base of first metatarsal bone
What is the action produced by the tibialis anterior muscle?
- dorsiflexes foot (ankle joint)
- inverts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle?
deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
What is the arterial supply to the tibialis anterior muscle?
anterior tibial artery
What is the origin of the tibialis posterior muscle?
- posterior surface of tibia
- inferior to soleal line
- posterior surface of fibula
- adjacent interosseous membrane of leg
Where is the insertion of the tibialis posterior muscle?
- tuberosity of navicular bone
- plantar aspects of medial, intermediate + lateral cuneiform bones
- plantar aspects of bases of 2nd-4th metatarsal bones
What is the action produced by the tibialis posterior muscle?
- inverts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
- plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)
What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior muscle?
tibial nerve (L4-L5)
What is the arterial supply of the tibialis posterior?
posterior tibial and fibular arteries
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?
- lateral + medial condyle of femur
- lateral supracodylar line
- popliteal surface of femur
Where is the insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?
posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
What is the action produced by the gastrocnemius muscle?
- plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)
- flexes leg (knee joint)
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle?
tibial nerve (S1-S2)
What is the arterial supply of the gastrocnemius muscle?
sural arteries
What is the origin of the soleus muscle?
- head of fibula
- posterior surface of fibula
- soleal line
- medial border of tibia
Where is the insertion of the soleus muscle?
posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
What is the action produced by the soleus muscle?
plantarflexes foot (ankle joint)
What is the innervation of the soleus muscle?
tibial nerve (S1-S2)
What is the arterial supply of the soleus muscle?
- popliteal
- fibular
- posterior tibial
What is the origin of the peroneus longus muscle?
- head and lateral surface of fibula
- adjacent intermuscular septa
Where is the insertion of the peroneus longus muscle?
- plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone
- base of first metatarsal bone
What is the action produced by the peroneus longus muscle?
- everts foot (subtalar and transverse joints)
- assists in plantarflexion of foot (ankle joint)
What is the innervation of the peroneus longus muscle?
superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)
What is the arterial supply for the peroneus longus muscle?
- anterior tibial artery
- fibular artery
What is the origin of the peroneus brevis muscle?
- lateral surface of fibula
- adjacent intermuscular septa
Where is the insertion of the peroneus brevis muscle?
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone
What is the action produced by the peroneus brevis muscle?
- everts foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal joints)
- assists in plantarflexion of foot (ankle joint)
What is the innervation of the peroneus brevis muscle?
superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)
What is the arterial supply to the peroneus brevis muscle?
- anterior tibial artery
- fibular artery
What are the (3) ankle joints?
- distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint
- talocrural joint (ankle joint)
- subtalar joint
What type of joint is a distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint?
syndesmosis, fibrous joint
What type of joint is a talocrural joint (ankle joint)?
a synovial, hinge joint
What type of joint is a subtalar joint?
synovial, plane joint
What movement is able to be produced at the subtalar joint?
allows rotation of the foot: inversion & eversion
What movement is able to be produced at the talocrural joint?
- dorsiflexion (30degrees)
- plantarflexion (50 degrees)
What is the transverse (MID) tarsal joint also known as?
Chopart’s joint
What is the transverse (MID) tarsal joint?
Combined:
- Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
- Calcaneocuboid Joint
What movement does the transverse (MID) tarsal joint produce?
- Inversion
- Eversion
What type of joint are Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?
synovial, plane joints
What are key ligaments for the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?
- Dorsal TMT ligaments
- Plantar TMT ligaments
- Interosseous TMT ligaments
What are tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints?
joint between the 4 anterior tarsal bones (cuboid + 3x cuneiforms) & the bases of all 5 metatarsals
What type of joint are metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?
synovial, condyloid joints
What are metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?
between the rounded head of the metatarsal + cupped base of the proximal phalanx
What are the key ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?
- Collateral ligaments
- Plantar ligament
- Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
What bones articulate at interphalangeal joints?
- head of the more proximal phalanx
- base of the next distal phalanx
What type of joint are interphalangeal joints?
hinge joints
What movement is produced by interphalangeal joints?
- dorsiflexion
- plantarflexion
What are the (2) key ligaments of interphalangeal joints?
- Collateral ligaments
- Plantar ligaments
What are the (3) different arches of the foot?
- medial longitudinal arch
- lateral longitudinal arch
- transverse arch
What bones compose the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuneiforms (x3)
- Medial first 3 metatarsals
Describe the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.
runs down the medial length of the foot longitudinally
Describe the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.
runs down the lateral length of the foot longitudinally
What bones compose the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
- Calcaneus
- Cuboid
- Lateral 2 metatarsals
Describe the transverse arch of the foot.
cuts transversely across the foot
What bones compose the transverse arch of the foot?
- Cuboid
- Cuneiforms (x3)
- Bases of the 5 metatarsals
What are the (3) parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle?
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
- Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)
- Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)
What is stronger… the lateral ligament or medial collateral ligament (deltoid)?
medial collateral ligament (deltoid)
What are the (4) parts of the deltoid ligament?
- Anterior Tibiotalar part
- Tibionavicular part
- Tibiocalcaneal part
- Posterior Tibiotalar part
