Knee Flashcards
What is the origin of the rectus femoris muscle?
anterior iliac spine & supraacetabular groove of ilium
Where is insertion of the rectus femoris muscle?
tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)
What action is produced by the rectus femoris muscle?
- extends leg (knee joint)
- flexes thigh (hip joint)
What is the innervation of the rectus femoris muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the arterial supply for the rectus femoris muscle?
deep femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
What is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?
intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
Where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis muscle?
- tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)
- lateral border of patella
What is the action produced by the vastus lateralis muscle?
extends leg (knee joint)
What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the arterial supply of the vastus lateralis muscle?
deep femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius muscle?
anterior + lateral surfaces of body of femur
Where is the insertion of the vastus intermedius muscle?
tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)
What is the action produced by the vastus intermedius muscle?
extends leg (knee joint)
What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the arterial supply of the vastus intermedius muscle?
deep femoral artery
What is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?
medial part of the intertrochanteric line and medial to the spiral line and linea aspera of the femur, extending inferiorly to the medial supracondylar line
Where is the insertion of the vastus medialis muscle?
tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament, and medial border of patellar)
What is the action produced by the vastus medialis muscle?
extends leg (knee joint)
What is the innervation of the vastus medialis muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the arterial supply to the vastus medialis?
femoral artery
What is the origin of the biceps femoris muscle?
ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar line
Where is the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle?
head of fibula
What is the action produced by the biceps femoris muscle?
- flexes and laterally rotates leg (knee joint)
- extends thigh (hip joint)
What are the innervations of the biceps femoris muscle?
- tibial (L5-S2)
- common fibular (L5-S2) divisions of sciatic nerve
What is the arterial supply of the biceps femoris muscle?
perforating arteries of deep femoral artery, inferior gluteal and medial circumflex femoral arteries
What is the origin of the semimembranosus muscle?
ischial tuberosity
Where is the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle?
medial condyle of tibia
What action is produced by the semimembranosus muscle?
- flexes and medially rotates leg (knee joint)
- extends thigh (hip joint)
What is the innervation of the semimembranosus muscle?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
What is the arterial supply of the semimembranosus muscle?
perforating arteries of deep femoral artery
What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?
ischial tuberosity
Where is the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle?
medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
What action is produced by the semitendinosus muscle?
- flexes and medially rotates leg (knee joint)
- extends thigh (hip joint)
What is the innervation of the semitendinosus muscle?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
What is the arterial supply of the semitendinosus muscle?
medial circumflex femoral artery and perforating arteries of deep femoral artery
What is the origin of the popliteus muscle?
groove for popliteus muscle
Where is the insertion of the popliteus muscle?
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
What action is produced by the popliteus muscle?
- medially rotates leg (knee joint)
- “unlocks” knee joint at beginning of knee flexion
What is the innervation of the popliteus muscle?
tibial nerve (L4-S1)
What is the arterial supply to the popliteus muscle?
inferior medial and inferior lateral genicular arteries
What type of joint is a knee joint?
synovial bicondylar hinge joint
What are the bony articulations of the knee joint?
- Two tibiofemoral (with intervening menisci)
- Patellofemoral
What is the tibiofemoral angle?
175 degrees
What is an important stabiliser of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ)?
patellar retinaculum
What is the function of the menisci?
- Increase congruence between the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia
- Participate in weight bearing across the joint
- Act as shock absorbers
- Aid lubrication
- Participate in locking mechanism
What is the medial meniscus anchored to in the knee?
the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
What are the important ligaments of the knee joint?
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Oblique popliteal ligament (expansion of the semimembranosus tendon)
- Articulate popliteal ligament (strengthens lower lateral part of the capsule)
Where does the medial collateral ligament (MCL) attach to?
medial epicondyle of femur + medial condyle and shaft of tibia
Where does the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) attach to?
lateral epicondyle of femur + lateral surface of the head of fibula
What is the purpose the the cruciate ligaments?
prevents forwards and backwards displacement of the tibia
Describe the ACL.
Has two parts:
- Anteromedial band (tauter in flexion)
- Posterolateral band (tauter in extension)
