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Physiotherapy > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris muscle?

A

anterior iliac spine & supraacetabular groove of ilium

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2
Q

Where is insertion of the rectus femoris muscle?

A

tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)

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3
Q

What action is produced by the rectus femoris muscle?

A
  • extends leg (knee joint)
  • flexes thigh (hip joint)
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus femoris muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply for the rectus femoris muscle?

A

deep femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

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6
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?

A

intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

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7
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis muscle?

A
  • tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)
  • lateral border of patella
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8
Q

What is the action produced by the vastus lateralis muscle?

A

extends leg (knee joint)

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply of the vastus lateralis muscle?

A

deep femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

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11
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

anterior + lateral surfaces of body of femur

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12
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament)

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13
Q

What is the action produced by the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

extends leg (knee joint)

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

deep femoral artery

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16
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?

A

medial part of the intertrochanteric line and medial to the spiral line and linea aspera of the femur, extending inferiorly to the medial supracondylar line

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus medialis muscle?

A

tibial tuberosity (via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament, and medial border of patellar)

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18
Q

What is the action produced by the vastus medialis muscle?

A

extends leg (knee joint)

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus medialis muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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20
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vastus medialis?

A

femoral artery

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21
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris muscle?

A

ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar line

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22
Q

Where is the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle?

A

head of fibula

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23
Q

What is the action produced by the biceps femoris muscle?

A
  • flexes and laterally rotates leg (knee joint)
  • extends thigh (hip joint)
24
Q

What are the innervations of the biceps femoris muscle?

A
  • tibial (L5-S2)
  • common fibular (L5-S2) divisions of sciatic nerve
25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the biceps femoris muscle?

A

perforating arteries of deep femoral artery, inferior gluteal and medial circumflex femoral arteries

26
Q

What is the origin of the semimembranosus muscle?

A

ischial tuberosity

27
Q

Where is the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle?

A

medial condyle of tibia

28
Q

What action is produced by the semimembranosus muscle?

A
  • flexes and medially rotates leg (knee joint)
  • extends thigh (hip joint)
29
Q

What is the innervation of the semimembranosus muscle?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

30
Q

What is the arterial supply of the semimembranosus muscle?

A

perforating arteries of deep femoral artery

31
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?

A

ischial tuberosity

32
Q

Where is the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle?

A

medial aspect of proximal part of tibia

33
Q

What action is produced by the semitendinosus muscle?

A
  • flexes and medially rotates leg (knee joint)
  • extends thigh (hip joint)
34
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus muscle?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

35
Q

What is the arterial supply of the semitendinosus muscle?

A

medial circumflex femoral artery and perforating arteries of deep femoral artery

36
Q

What is the origin of the popliteus muscle?

A

groove for popliteus muscle

37
Q

Where is the insertion of the popliteus muscle?

A

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

38
Q

What action is produced by the popliteus muscle?

A
  • medially rotates leg (knee joint)
  • “unlocks” knee joint at beginning of knee flexion
39
Q

What is the innervation of the popliteus muscle?

A

tibial nerve (L4-S1)

40
Q

What is the arterial supply to the popliteus muscle?

A

inferior medial and inferior lateral genicular arteries

41
Q

What type of joint is a knee joint?

A

synovial bicondylar hinge joint

42
Q

What are the bony articulations of the knee joint?

A
  • Two tibiofemoral (with intervening menisci)
  • Patellofemoral
43
Q

What is the tibiofemoral angle?

A

175 degrees

44
Q

What is an important stabiliser of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ)?

A

patellar retinaculum

45
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A
  • Increase congruence between the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia
  • Participate in weight bearing across the joint
  • Act as shock absorbers
  • Aid lubrication
  • Participate in locking mechanism
46
Q

What is the medial meniscus anchored to in the knee?

A

the medial collateral ligament (MCL)

47
Q

What are the important ligaments of the knee joint?

A
  • medial collateral ligament (MCL)
  • lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • Oblique popliteal ligament (expansion of the semimembranosus tendon)
  • Articulate popliteal ligament (strengthens lower lateral part of the capsule)
48
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament (MCL) attach to?

A

medial epicondyle of femur + medial condyle and shaft of tibia

49
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) attach to?

A

lateral epicondyle of femur + lateral surface of the head of fibula

50
Q

What is the purpose the the cruciate ligaments?

A

prevents forwards and backwards displacement of the tibia

51
Q

Describe the ACL.

A

Has two parts:
- Anteromedial band (tauter in flexion)
- Posterolateral band (tauter in extension)

52
Q

What are some common pathologies of the knee?

A
  • Ligamentous injuries (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
  • Meniscus tears
  • Tendon tears (quadriceps and patellar tendon tears)
  • Knee sprain and strain
  • Patellofemoral pain syndrome
  • Iliotibial band syndrome
  • Bursitis
  • Tendonitis
  • Genu valgus and genu varus
  • Knee dislocation
  • Patellar fracture
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
53
Q

What are some common pathologies of the knee due to insidious/overuse?

A
  • Osteoarthritis / Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Patellar Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
  • Patellar tendinopathy
  • Osgood Schlatter’s
  • Adductor tendinopathy
  • Iliotibial Band friction syndrome
54
Q

What are some common pathologies of the knee due to traumatic injury?

A
  • Meniscal tears
  • Fractures
  • ACL rupture
  • MCL rupture / tear
  • LCL tear
  • PCL tear / rupture
55
Q

What are some common pathologies of the knee post-operative?

A
  • ACL repair
  • Meniscal repair
  • Total knee replacement (TKR)
  • Arthroscopy
  • Other ligament repair
56
Q
A

Physiotherapy (46 decks)

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