Practical Exam (MSK) Flashcards
What (3) things must you check for safety when using walking aids?
- Ferrules (check not smooth/slanted/come off)
- Joints (clicked in and no bends)
- Weight limit
What are (4) indications for walking aids?
- Reduced balance
- Reduced weight bearing
- Pain
- Reduced strength
How do you walk up stairs using a walking aid?
- Lead with stronger leg, holding hand rail
- Bring up weaker leg
- Bring up walking aid
How do you walk down stairs using a walking aid?
- Lower walking aid
- Lower weaker leg
- Step down using stronger leg
What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is non-weight bearing (NWB)?
- Two crutches
- Zimmer frame
- Gutter frame
What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is partial-weight bearing (PWB)?
- Zimmer frame
- Two crutches
What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is full-weight bearing (FWB)?
- Two crutches
- Wheeled zimmer frame
What is touch/toe weight bearing (TTWB)?
place toe of foot on floor but minimal weight
What is Centre of Mass (CoM)?
the point which is centre to all particles that make us (our mass)
What is Centre of Gravity (CoG)?
the hypothetical point at which all weight of the body or object is concentrated, where all linear and angular forces are balance, and gravity passes through
What is Line of Gravity (LoG)?
verticle line downwards from centre of gravity (CoG) to ground
What is Base of Support (BoS)?
area beneath the body that is encompassed when one continuous line connects all points that are in contact of the ground
What are some examples of balance assessments?
- Single leg stand (eyes open/closed, wobble board)
- Star excursion
- Y-balance
- Reaching distance
- Berg balance scale
- Tinetti
- Activities specific balance confidence scale (ABC)
- Times up and go (TUG)
What are some examples of coordination assessments?
- Finger-nose
- Heel-shin
- Scale for the Assessment + Rating of Ataxia (SARA)
- Subjective assessment for dexterity (e.g: tying shoelaces, undoing + doing up buttons)
What are some examples of proprioception assessments?
- Is the joint up or down?
- Reproduce movement (assess accuracy of finding it again/recreating on the other side of body)
- Ask functional questions (e.g.: can they stand on a bus)
What is gait cycle?
the time interval between 2 successive points in the cycle on the same leg (i.e.: right initial contact to right initial contact)
What is cadence in gait analysis?
steps in a given time
What is speed in gait analysis?
distance covered in a certain time (m/s or km/h)
What is stride length (or time)?
right heel strike to right heel strike/ left to left
What is step length (or time)?
right heel strike to left heel strike/ vice versa
What are the 2 stages of a gait cycle?
- stance phase
- swing phase
What is stance phase of a gait cycle?
time when foot is on the ground
What % of a gait cycle is swing phase?
40%
What % of a gait cycle is stance phase?
60%
What is swing phase of a gait cycle?
time when leg is moving
Describe the stance phase.
initial contact (heel strike) + loading phase
–>
mid stance
–>
terminal stance + heel-lift
–>
pre-swing/ toe off/ propulsion phase
Describe the swing phase.
initial swing
–>
mid swing
–>
terminal swing
What is the clinical reasoning process for the therapist?
- understand the patient’s journey: Subjective History
- identifying underlying problems (impairments): Objective assessment
- assessing the person’s level of function: Functional tests & measures
- process info: reaching a possible diagnosis
- identify the most appropriate measure(s) to use to track progress
- documenting findings (think ICF)
What are the 7 areas of subjective assessment?
- History of Present Condition (HPC)
- Past Medical History (PMH)
- Pain
- Drug History (DH)
- Social History (SH)
- Goals
- Expectations
