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Physiotherapy > Practical Exam (MSK) > Flashcards

Practical Exam (MSK) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ROM of flexion at the shoulder?

A

160°-180°

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2
Q

What is the ROM of extension at the shoulder?

A

50°- 60°

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3
Q

What is the ROM of abduction at the shoulder?

A

170°-180°

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4
Q

What is the ROM of adduction at the shoulder?

A

30°- 50°

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5
Q

What is the ROM of internal rotation at the shoulder?

A

70°- 90°

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6
Q

What is the ROM of external rotation at the shoulder?

A

80°- 90°

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7
Q

What is the ROM of flexion at the elbow?

A

140°-150°

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8
Q

What is the ROM of extension at the elbow?

A

0°-10°

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9
Q

What is the ROM of supination at the elbow?

A

80°- 90°

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10
Q

What is the ROM of pronation at the elbow?

A

80°- 90°

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11
Q

What is the ROM of flexion at the wrist?

A

80°- 90°

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12
Q

What is the ROM of extension at the wrist?

A

70°- 90°

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13
Q

What is the ROM of radial deviation at the wrist?

A

15°- 20°

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14
Q

What is the ROM of ulnar deviation at the wrist?

A

30°- 45°

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15
Q

What is the ROM of flexion at the hip?

A

120°-135°

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16
Q

What is ROM of extension at the hip?

A

10°-30°

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17
Q

What is the ROM of abduction at the hip?

A

40°- 45°

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18
Q

What is ROM of adduction at the hip?

A

20°- 30°

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19
Q

What is the ROM of internal rotation at the hip?

A

35°- 45°

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20
Q

What is the ROM of external rotation at the hip?

A

40°- 50°

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21
Q

What is ROM of flexion at the knee?

A

130°-140°

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22
Q

What is ROM of extension at the knee?

A

0°- 5°

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23
Q

What is the ROM of dorsiflexion at the ankle?

A

15°- 20°

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24
Q

What is the ROM of plantarflexion at the ankle?

A

40°- 50°

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25
Q

What is the ROM of inversion at the ankle?

A

30°- 35°

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26
Q

What is the ROM of eversion at the ankle?

A

15°- 20°

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27
Q

What (3) things must you check for safety when using walking aids?

A
  • Ferrules (check not smooth/slanted/come off)
  • Joints (clicked in and no bends)
  • Weight limit
28
Q

What are (4) indications for walking aids?

A
  • Reduced balance
  • Reduced weight bearing
  • Pain
  • Reduced strength
29
Q

How do you walk up stairs using a walking aid?

A
  • Lead with stronger leg, holding hand rail
  • Bring up weaker leg
  • Bring up walking aid
30
Q

How do you walk down stairs using a walking aid?

A
  • Lower walking aid
  • Lower weaker leg
  • Step down using stronger leg
31
Q

What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is non-weight bearing (NWB)?

A
  • Two crutches
  • Zimmer frame
  • Gutter frame
32
Q

What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is partial-weight bearing (PWB)?

A
  • Zimmer frame
  • Two crutches
33
Q

What types of walking aid would you use is the patient is full-weight bearing (FWB)?

A
  • Two crutches
  • Wheeled zimmer frame
34
Q

What is touch/toe weight bearing (TTWB)?

A

place toe of foot on floor but minimal weight

35
Q

What is Centre of Mass (CoM)?

A

the point which is centre to all particles that make us (our mass)

36
Q

What is Centre of Gravity (CoG)?

A

the hypothetical point at which all weight of the body or object is concentrated, where all linear and angular forces are balance, and gravity passes through

37
Q

What is Line of Gravity (LoG)?

A

verticle line downwards from centre of gravity (CoG) to ground

38
Q

What is Base of Support (BoS)?

A

area beneath the body that is encompassed when one continuous line connects all points that are in contact of the ground

39
Q

What are some examples of balance assessments?

A
  • Single leg stand (eyes open/closed, wobble board)
  • Star excursion
  • Y-balance
  • Reaching distance
  • Berg balance scale
  • Tinetti
  • Activities specific balance confidence scale (ABC)
  • Times up and go (TUG)
40
Q

What are some examples of coordination assessments?

A
  • Finger-nose
  • Heel-shin
  • Scale for the Assessment + Rating of Ataxia (SARA)
  • Subjective assessment for dexterity (e.g: tying shoelaces, undoing + doing up buttons)
41
Q

What are some examples of proprioception assessments?

A
  • Is the joint up or down?
  • Reproduce movement (assess accuracy of finding it again/recreating on the other side of body)
  • Ask functional questions (e.g.: can they stand on a bus)
42
Q

What is gait cycle?

A

the time interval between 2 successive points in the cycle on the same leg (i.e.: right initial contact to right initial contact)

43
Q

What is cadence in gait analysis?

A

steps in a given time

44
Q

What is speed in gait analysis?

A

distance covered in a certain time (m/s or km/h)

45
Q

What is stride length (or time)?

A

right heel strike to right heel strike/ left to left

46
Q

What is step length (or time)?

A

right heel strike to left heel strike/ vice versa

47
Q

What are the 2 stages of a gait cycle?

A
  • stance phase
  • swing phase
48
Q

What is stance phase of a gait cycle?

A

time when foot is on the ground

49
Q

What % of a gait cycle is swing phase?

50
Q

What % of a gait cycle is stance phase?

51
Q

What is swing phase of a gait cycle?

A

time when leg is moving

52
Q

Describe the stance phase.

A

initial contact (heel strike) + loading phase
–>
mid stance
–>
terminal stance + heel-lift
–>
pre-swing/ toe off/ propulsion phase

53
Q

Describe the swing phase.

A

initial swing
–>
mid swing
–>
terminal swing

54
Q

What is the clinical reasoning process for the therapist?

A
  • understand the patient’s journey: Subjective History
  • identifying underlying problems (impairments): Objective assessment
  • assessing the person’s level of function: Functional tests & measures
  • process info: reaching a possible diagnosis
  • identify the most appropriate measure(s) to use to track progress
  • documenting findings (think ICF)
55
Q

What muscles must be known around the pelvic girdle & hip?

A
  • Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus
  • Iliotibial Band (ITB)
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Gracilis
  • Sartorius
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Piriformis
  • Quadratus femoris
  • Obturator internus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gemellus superior and inferior
56
Q

What muscles must be known around the shoulder & girdle?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major
  • Deltoid
  • Trapezius
  • Biceps brachii
  • Triceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Rhomboids
  • Levator scapulae
57
Q

What are the 7 areas of subjective assessment?

A
  1. History of Present Condition (HPC)
  2. Past Medical History (PMH)
  3. Pain
  4. Drug History (DH)
  5. Social History (SH)
  6. Goals
  7. Expectations
58
Q

What muscles must be known around the foot & ankle?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Peroneus tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
59
Q

What muscles must be known around the knee?

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus medialis
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendonosus
  • Popliteus
60
Q

What muscles must be known around the wrist & hand?

A
  • Palmaris longus
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Opponens digiti minimi
  • Palmar interossei
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Interossei
  • Lumbricals
  • Pronator teres
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Supinator

Flexor:
- Carpi ulnaris
- Carpi radialis
- Digitorum superficialis
- Digitorum profunds
- Digiti minimi
- Retinaculum
- Pollicis longus
- Pollicis brevis

Extensor:
- Carpi radialis longus
- Carpi radialis brevis
- Carpi ulnaris
- Carpi longus
- Digitorum
- Digiti minimi
- Indicis
- Retinaculum
- Pollicis longus
- Pollicis brevis

Abductor:
- Pollicis longus
- Pollicis brevis
- Digiti minimi

Adductor:
- Pollicis

61
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the hip?

A
  • Greater Trochanter
  • Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
  • Pubic Tubercle
  • Iliac Crest
  • Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
  • Ischial Tuberosity
62
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the Shoulder?

A
  • Suprasternal notch
  • Sternoclavicular Joint
  • Clavicle
  • Acromion
  • Acromioclavicular Joint
  • Coracoid Process
  • Lesser Tuberosity of the proximal humerus
  • Greater Tuberosity of the proximal humerus
  • Bicipital Groove/ Intertubercular sulcus
  • Anterior joint line of the GHJ
  • Inferior angle of Scapula
  • Medial border of Scapula
  • Spine of scapula
63
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the knee?

A
  • Medial femoral epicondyles
  • Lateral femoral epicondyles
  • Adductor Tubercle
  • Tibial Plateau
  • Joint line
  • Patella
  • Trochlea groove
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Head of fibula
  • Gerdy’s Tubercle
64
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the wrist & hand?

A
  • Ulnar styloid process
  • Radial styloid process
  • Dorsal tubercle of radius (also known as Lister’s tubercle)
  • Surface marking of the radio-carpal joint
  • Scaphoid
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Lunate
  • Triquetral
  • Pisiform
  • Hamate
  • 1st CMCJ
65
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the elbow?

A
  • Medial epicondyle to medial supracondylar line
  • Lateral epicondyle to lateral supracondylar line
  • Common extensor tendon attachment
  • Surface marking of the elbow joint
  • Olecranon process
  • Olecranon fossa
  • Ulna groove (+ nerve)
  • Ulna border (posterior)
  • Head of radius
66
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ankle & foot?

A
  • Medial Malleolus
  • Lateral Malleolus
  • Talocrural joint line
  • Head & neck of talus
  • Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Medial cuneiform
  • Base of 1st metatarsal
  • Head of 1st metatarsal
  • Peroneal tubercle
  • Cuboid
  • Base of 5th metatarsal
  • Mid-tarsal (transverse tarsal) joint
  • Metatarsals

Physiotherapy (50 decks)

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