Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiotherapy > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

People over 65 will have how many other significant co-morbidities?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

People under 65 will have how many other significant co-morbidities?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some consequences of falls?

A
  • loss of self image
  • social embarrassment and loss of confidence
  • stigma of ‘old age’
  • frailty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the core elements of dignity (Kinnear et al., 2015)

A
  • Respect for personhood and the individual
  • Communication and forms of address
  • Privacy
  • Toileting
  • Nutrition and feeding
  • Cleanliness and the environment
  • Staff attitudes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the importance of dignified care?

A

can have a positive effect on treatment and social outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are barriers and facilitators of dignity on an organisational level?

A
  • Time
  • Staffing levels
  • Staff training and experience
  • Organisational support/values
  • Resources
  • Specific dignity measures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are barriers and facilitators of dignity on a ward level?

A
  • Ward environment
  • Colleagues/team
  • Staff attitudes
  • Workload
  • Support
  • Communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are barriers and facilitators of dignity on an individual level?

A
  • Addressing patient needs
  • Involving family/carers
  • Reflection
  • Dealing with an emergency
  • Religion
  • Neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does depersonalisation occur in healthcare?

A
  • when workers have negative cynical attitudes towards their clients
  • clinicians try to distance themselves from the patient to protect themselves emotionally (may be a result of heavy responsibilities and workload pressure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary aging

A

processes that occur independent of disease processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary aging

A

physical and physiologic deteriorations caused by pathologic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronological aging

A

changes associated with passage of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Biologic aging

A

success for adaptation with the passage of time (tied up with functional abilities and capacities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are characteristic changes in the integumentary system for geriatrics?

A
  • Epidermis thins, collagen is lost and connections between cells weakens
  • Greater risk of injury, tears and infections and the skin repairs less quickly
  • Skin can become ‘paperthin’ and translucent
  • Vitamin D3 production decreased by 75% and melanocyte activity decreased
  • Sweat glands are less effective so cannot lose heat as well and sebaceous gland activity decreased so becomes dry
  • Dermal blood supply decreased and blood vessels can become more fragile causing redness (rosacea).
  • Dermis thins and elastic fibres decrease – sagging and wrinkling skin
  • Nerve endings decline so feel less pressure, touch and injurious stimuli
  • Pigment production in hair decreases with age, it lightens and becomes grey
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are bone and joint characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Decreased bone mass and calcium content
  • Osteoporosis can weaken bones to a point that fractures occur in normal stresses
  • Joints are subjected to wear and tear
  • Arthritic problems – Arthritis means damage to the articular surface
  • Intervertebral discs reduce in size and desiccate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are muscle characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Skeletal muscle fibres get smaller, fewer myofibrils, smaller ATP and glycogen reserves
  • Cardiovascular performance decreases (by 65 there is a decrease of 30-50 % anaerobic and aerobic performance)
  • Skeletal muscles are less elastic so are less flexible - restrict movement and circulation
  • Tolerance to exercise decreases and ability to recover from injury decreases
17
Q

What are nervous system characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Reduced brain size, fewer cortical neurones and nearly 40% reduction in number of spinal cord axons
  • Myelin sheaths degenerate ad 10% decline in nerve conduction velocity contributes to a decrease in neuromuscular performance
  • Number of branches and synaptic interconnections decreases (synaptic transmission is less efficient)
  • Decrease blood flow to brain
  • Reaction rates are slowed and motor control precision and coordination decreases
18
Q

What are blood characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A

Decreased packed cell volume (less cells) - resulting in anaemia from nutritional deficiencies, inadequate exercise, and disease

19
Q

What are circulation characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Thombi causing constriction or blockage of peripheral veins
  • Valves less efficient causing blood pooling in periphery
  • Arteries less elastic
  • Calcium salts and lipids can be deposited
20
Q

What are heart characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Decreased maximum cardiac output
  • Changes in activity of pacemaker and conducting system
  • Reduced elasticity of cardiac skeleton
  • Damaged cardiac cells replaced by scar tissue (diminished mechanical efficiency)
  • Reduced cardiac reserve capacity (amount of cardiac output remaining above that required for ADL decreases)
21
Q

What are immune system characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A

becomes less effective

22
Q

What are endocrine system characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Pituitary, pancreas, adrenal glands and thyroid change with age, there is also decline in reproductive hormones.
  • Changes in peripheral tissues may make them less responsive to some hormones (glucocorticoids and ADH)
23
Q

What are digestive system characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Taste ability changes with age – food tastes bland and unappetising and there is a decrease in olfactory receptors. - - Reduced olfactory and gustatory activity often causes changes in diet
  • Epithelium more susceptible to damage and peptic ulcers become more likely
  • Smooth muscle tone decreases
  • Loss of teeth due to dental caries (cavities)
24
Q

What are respiratory characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Elastic tissue decreases (less elastic support structure)
  • Chest movements are restricted by arthritic changes (vital capacity and forced expiratory volume fall)
  • Reduction in exercise capabilities and performance
  • Respiratory muscle weakness
  • Some degree of emphysema in normal in age >50 so there is and increase in alveolar size
  • Static and dynamic lung function decreases
25
Q

What are urinary characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Decrease in functional nephrons by about 30-40 %
  • Reduced glomerular filtration rate
  • Problems with urinary reflexes
  • Voiding can become problematic
26
Q

What are reproductive characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Male climacteric (perimenopause and andropause)
  • Ovulation and menstruation cease (menopause) between ages 45-55 (interval preceding is perimenopause)
27
Q

What are fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
characteristic changes for geriatrics?

A
  • Total body water decreases slightly from 40-60 so reduces dilution of wastes, toxins and drugs
  • Reduced sensitivity to ADH - maintaining fluid balance means taking in more fluid (but elderly people have less sense of thirst and may not drink enough to maintain blood osmolality so dehydration is common)
  • Net loss of body mineral content as muscle mass and bone mass decreases
28
Q
A

Physiotherapy (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions