Joints Flashcards
Arthrology
= study of joints
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses (synovial)
Synarthroses joint
- no movement
- bones are close together and may overlock
- extremely strong joints (located where movement between bones must be prevented)
What are the 5 major types of synarthroses joint?
- Sutures
- Fibrous joints
- Gomphoses
- Synchondroses
- Synostoses
Sutures
edges of bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense connective tissue
(e.g.: bones of skull)
Fibrous joint
- bone ends held together by fibrous or collagenous connective tissues
- no synovial cavity between bone ends
- strong joints that inhibit movement
- generally synarthroses
Gomphoses
fibrous joint
(e.g.: gomphoses joint binds to teeth by the bony sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible)
Synchondroses
- a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two bones
- the epiphyseal cartilage is a synchondrosis that connects the diaphysis of a long bone with an epiphysis
- cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline)
Synostoses
totally rigid and immovable joint created when two separate bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears
(e.g.: the epiphyseal lines of mature bones)
Amphiarthroses
- permits little movement (more than synarthroses)
- much stronger than a freely movable joint
- articulating bones are connected by collagen fibres or cartilage (cartilaginous joints)
What are the two types of amphiarthroses?
- Syndesmosis
- Symphysis
Syndesmosis
the articulating bones are connected by a ligament
(e.g.: distal articulation between the tibia and fibula)
Symphysis
the articulating bones are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage
(e.g.: connection between the two pubic bones)
Diarthrosis
- known as a synovial joint
- permit a wider range of motion
- typically located at the ends of long bones
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
- nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage
- shock absorber to distribute compressive forces