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Physiotherapy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Arthrology

A

= study of joints

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2
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A
  • Synarthroses
  • Amphiarthroses
  • Diarthroses (synovial)
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3
Q

Synarthroses joint

A
  • no movement
  • bones are close together and may overlock
  • extremely strong joints (located where movement between bones must be prevented)
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4
Q

What are the 5 major types of synarthroses joint?

A
  • Sutures
  • Fibrous joints
  • Gomphoses
  • Synchondroses
  • Synostoses
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5
Q

Sutures

A

edges of bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense connective tissue
(e.g.: bones of skull)

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6
Q

Fibrous joint

A
  • bone ends held together by fibrous or collagenous connective tissues
  • no synovial cavity between bone ends
  • strong joints that inhibit movement
  • generally synarthroses
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7
Q

Gomphoses

A

fibrous joint
(e.g.: gomphoses joint binds to teeth by the bony sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible)

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8
Q

Synchondroses

A
  • a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two bones
  • the epiphyseal cartilage is a synchondrosis that connects the diaphysis of a long bone with an epiphysis
  • cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline)
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9
Q

Synostoses

A

totally rigid and immovable joint created when two separate bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears
(e.g.: the epiphyseal lines of mature bones)

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10
Q

Amphiarthroses

A
  • permits little movement (more than synarthroses)
  • much stronger than a freely movable joint
  • articulating bones are connected by collagen fibres or cartilage (cartilaginous joints)
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11
Q

What are the two types of amphiarthroses?

A
  • Syndesmosis
  • Symphysis
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12
Q

Syndesmosis

A

the articulating bones are connected by a ligament
(e.g.: distal articulation between the tibia and fibula)

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13
Q

Symphysis

A

the articulating bones are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage
(e.g.: connection between the two pubic bones)

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14
Q

Diarthrosis

A
  • known as a synovial joint
  • permit a wider range of motion
  • typically located at the ends of long bones
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15
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

A
  • nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage
  • shock absorber to distribute compressive forces
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16
Q

What is the purpose of articular hyaline cartilage?

A

reduce friction during movement of the joint

17
Q

Describe structures of a synovial joint

A
  • joint cavity/joint capsule
  • joint (articular) capsule
  • fibrous capsule
  • synovial membrane
  • synovial fluid
  • articular hyaline cartilage
  • may contain intra-articular structures: such as menisci (knee), articular disc (TMJ) and articular labrum (shoulder)
  • fat pad
  • ligaments
  • tendons
  • fascia
  • bursae
18
Q

What is the purpose of synovial membrane?

A

lines the articulatory cavity

19
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  • ball & socket
  • hinge
  • ellipsoid/condyloid
  • saddle
  • pivot
  • plane
20
Q

Hinge joint

A

permits movement in one plane, usually flexion and extension (e.g: knee joint)

21
Q

Ellipsoid/Condyloid joint

A

contains a convex surface which articulates with a concave elliptical cavity (e.g: metatarsophalangeal joint)

22
Q

Saddle joint

A

opposing articular surfaces with a reciprocal concave-convex shape (e.g: carpometacarpal joints)

23
Q

Pivot joint

A

allows rotation only (e.g: distal radioulnar joints)

24
Q

Plane joint

A

articular surfaces are relatively flat, allowing the bones to glide over one another (e.g: subtalar joint)

25
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • synovial
26
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  • cartilage holds together bone ends
  • no synovial cavity between bony ends
  • strong joints with minimal movement only
  • most are amphiarthrotic, but some are synarthrotic
27
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • bone ends separated by synovial cavity, which allows lots of movement
  • all are diarthrotic
  • predominate the limbs
  • has synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial capsule or articular capsule and reinforcing ligaments; same has articular discs, menisci, and bursae
28
Q

Fat pad

A

commonly superficial to the joint capsule, protect the articular cartilages

29
Q

Tendons

A

may limit range of motion and provide mechanical support

30
Q

Fascia

A

help to maintain shape and position of muscles and allow adjacent muscles to move past each other

31
Q

What are the 3 types of ligaments?

A
  • accessory ligaments
  • extracapsular ligaments
  • intracapsular ligaments
32
Q

Accessory ligaments

A

localised thickenings of the capsule

33
Q

Extracapsular ligaments

A

interconnect the articulating bones and pass across the outside of the capsule

34
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

help to prevent excessive movement that might damage the joint

Physiotherapy (39 decks)

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