Wrist & Hand

Question 1

What is the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 1

Formed between the distal surfaces of the radius and the articular disc, and the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum (proximal row of carpal bones)

Question 2

What are the intercarpal joints?

Answer 2

articulations between the carpal bones

Question 3

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

What is the mid carpal joint?

Answer 4

the articulation between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
- trapezium and trapezoid articulates with scaphoid
- capitate articulates with scaphoid and lunate
- hamate articulates with lunate and triquetrum

Question 5

What type of joint is a radiocarpal joint?

Answer 5

ellipsoid, synovial joint

Question 6

What is the blood supply of the intercarpal joints?

Answer 6

arterial supply is by branches from the palmar and dorsal carpal networks

Question 7

What is the nerve supply of the intercarpal joints?

Answer 7

• twigs from the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves
• deep and dorsal branches of the ulnar nerve (C7/8)

Question 8

What muscles produce flexion in the wrist & forearm?

Answer 8

• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Palmaris Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus
• Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 9

What muscles produce extension in the wrist & forearm?

Answer 9

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Indicis
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Question 10

What muscles produce ulnar deviation in the wrist & forearm?

Answer 10

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 11

What muscles produce radial deviation in the wrist & forearm?

Answer 11

• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Flexor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 12

What is the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 12

articulation between the carpal and metacarpal bones

Question 13

What type of joint is a carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 13

plane, synovial joint

Question 14

What ligaments are in the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 14

• Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
• Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
• Interosseous ligament

Question 15

What are intermetacarpal joints?

Answer 15

joints between the adjacent sides of the bones of the 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 4th and 5th metacarpals

Question 16

What type of joint are intermetacarpal joints?

Answer 16

plane, synovial joints

Question 17

What movements are available at the thumb?

Answer 17

• Extension/ Flexion
• Abduction/ Adduction
• Opposition

Question 18

What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint (joint of the thumb)?

Answer 18

condyloid, synovial joint

Question 19

Where does the radial collateral carpal ligament go from + to?

Answer 19

From:
- tip of radial styloid process

To:
- lateral side of scaphoid
- lateral side of trapezium

Question 20

Where does the ulnar collateral carpal ligament go from + to?

Answer 20

From:
- ulnar styloid process

To:
- base of pisiform
- triquetral

Question 21

What is the blood supply to the radiocarpal joints?

Answer 21

branches from dorsal + palmar carpal networks

Question 22

What is the nerve supply to the radiocarpal joints?

Answer 22

• anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
• posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve
• dorsal + deep branches of ulnar nerve (C7-C8)

Question 23

What movements are available at the radiocarpal joints?

Answer 23

• flexion
• extension
• ulnar deviation
• radial deviation

Question 24

What type of joint is an intercarpal joint?

Answer 24

plane, synovial joint

Question 25

How do the carpals unite in an intercarpal joint?

Answer 25

by interosseous, palmar + dorsal intercarpal ligaments

Question 26

Describe carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 26

Inflammation of the synovial sheaths within the carpal tunnel may lead to compression of the median nerve

Causing:
- paraesthesia
- loss of power
- limited movement
- wasting of thenar eminence

Question 27

Where does the flexor retinaculum attach to + from?

Answer 27

Medially: to pisiform + hook of hamate

Laterally: scaphoid tubercle + trapezium

Question 28

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 28

Tendons of the:
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor digitorum superficialis

Median nerve (lateral to FDS tendons)

Question 29

What type of joint is a carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 29

saddle, synovial joint

Question 30

What are the (2) ligaments of the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 30

• radial carpometacarpal ligament
• anterior + posterior oblique ligaments

Question 31

What bones articulate at a metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 31

• head of the metacarpal
• base of the proximal phalanx

Question 32

What type of joint is an interphalangeal joint?

Answer 32

hinge, synovial joint

Question 33

What movements are available at an interphalangeal joint?

Answer 33

• flexion
• extension

Question 34

How are the joint capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints strengthened?

Answer 34

collateral ligaments on each side, which are replaced anteriorly by the palmar ligament