Wrist & Hand Flashcards
What is the radiocarpal joint?
Formed between the distal surfaces of the radius and the articular disc, and the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum (proximal row of carpal bones)
What are the intercarpal joints?
articulations between the carpal bones
How many carpal bones are there?
8
What is the mid carpal joint?
the articulation between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
- trapezium and trapezoid articulates with scaphoid
- capitate articulates with scaphoid and lunate
- hamate articulates with lunate and triquetrum
What type of joint is a radiocarpal joint?
ellipsoid, synovial joint
What is the blood supply of the intercarpal joints?
arterial supply is by branches from the palmar and dorsal carpal networks
What is the nerve supply of the intercarpal joints?
- twigs from the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves
- deep and dorsal branches of the ulnar nerve (C7/8)
What muscles produce flexion in the wrist & forearm?
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Palmaris Longus
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Pollicis Longus
What muscles produce extension in the wrist & forearm?
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Extensor Digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
What muscles produce ulnar deviation in the wrist & forearm?
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
What muscles produce radial deviation in the wrist & forearm?
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Flexor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Flexor Carpi Radialis Brevis
What is the carpometacarpal joint?
articulation between the carpal and metacarpal bones
What type of joint is a carpometacarpal joint?
plane, synovial joint
What ligaments are in the carpometacarpal joint?
- Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
- Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
- Interosseous ligament
What are intermetacarpal joints?
joints between the adjacent sides of the bones of the 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 4th and 5th metacarpals
What type of joint are intermetacarpal joints?
plane, synovial joints
What movements are available at the thumb?
- Extension/ Flexion
- Abduction/ Adduction
- Opposition
What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint (joint of the thumb)?
condyloid, synovial joint
Where does the radial collateral carpal ligament go from + to?
From:
- tip of radial styloid process
To:
- lateral side of scaphoid
- lateral side of trapezium
Where does the ulnar collateral carpal ligament go from + to?
From:
- ulnar styloid process
To:
- base of pisiform
- triquetral
What is the blood supply to the radiocarpal joints?
branches from dorsal + palmar carpal networks
What is the nerve supply to the radiocarpal joints?
- anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
- posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve
- dorsal + deep branches of ulnar nerve (C7-C8)
What movements are available at the radiocarpal joints?
- flexion
- extension
- ulnar deviation
- radial deviation
What type of joint is an intercarpal joint?
plane, synovial joint
How do the carpals unite in an intercarpal joint?
by interosseous, palmar + dorsal intercarpal ligaments
Describe carpal tunnel syndrome.
Inflammation of the synovial sheaths within the carpal tunnel may lead to compression of the median nerve
Causing:
- paraesthesia
- loss of power
- limited movement
- wasting of thenar eminence
Where does the flexor retinaculum attach to + from?
Medially: to pisiform + hook of hamate
Laterally: scaphoid tubercle + trapezium
What passes through the carpal tunnel?
Tendons of the:
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve (lateral to FDS tendons)
What type of joint is a carpometacarpal joint?
saddle, synovial joint
What are the (2) ligaments of the carpometacarpal joint?
- radial carpometacarpal ligament
- anterior + posterior oblique ligaments
What bones articulate at a metacarpophalangeal joint?
- head of the metacarpal
- base of the proximal phalanx
What type of joint is an interphalangeal joint?
hinge, synovial joint
What movements are available at an interphalangeal joint?
- flexion
- extension
How are the joint capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints strengthened?
collateral ligaments on each side, which are replaced anteriorly by the palmar ligament
