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Physiotherapy > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Anoxia

A

the absence of oxygen in an area

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2
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

part of the nervous system responsible for the control of functions that aren’t under conscious control

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3
Q

Benign

A

not harmful, non-cancerous

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4
Q

Cistern

A

a channel or tubule in the cell

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5
Q

Cytology

A

the study of cells

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6
Q

Diploid

A

having 2 complete sets of chromosomes per cell

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7
Q

Enzyme

A

a protein that speeds up the rate of a reaction without itself being used in the reaction

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8
Q

Equilibrium

A

balance

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9
Q

Gene

A

the basic unit of genetic material

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10
Q

Haploid

A

having one complete set of chromosomes per cell

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11
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment

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13
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water-loving

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14
Q

Hydrophobic

A

water-hating

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15
Q

Hypoxia

A

a lack, or deficiency, of oxygen in an area

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16
Q

Ischemia

A

a reduced or inadequate blood supply to an area

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17
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

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18
Q

Malignant

A

cells are dividing abnormally or uncontrollably, cancerous

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

the changes that take place within the body to enable its growth and function

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20
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the engulfment and destruction of microbes, cell debris, and foreign matter by phagocytes, which are a type of white blood cell

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21
Q

Solvent

A

a liquid in which a solid is dissolved

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22
Q

Somatic

A

any cell except the reproductive cells

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23
Q

Vacuole

A

a space within the cytoplasm of a cell that contains material take in by the cell

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24
Q

Vesicle

A

a small, fluid-filled sac

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25
Q

Arthrology

A

the study of joints

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26
Q

Articulation

A

the point of contact between 2 bones (commonly called a joint)

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27
Q

Cartilage

A

a resilient, strong connective tissue

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28
Q

Demineralisation

A

the process through which minerals (like Ca and P) are lost from the bones

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29
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

the production of blood cells and platelets

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30
Q

Kinesiology

A

the study of the motion of the body

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31
Q

Ligament

A

a tough band of connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

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32
Q

Osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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33
Q

Ossification

A

the process of bone formation

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34
Q

Osteology

A

the study of the structure and function of bones

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35
Q

Process

A

a bony projection or prominence

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36
Q

Remodelling

A

the process through which new bone tissue replaces old, worn out, or injured bone tissue

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37
Q

Tendon

A

a tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones

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38
Q

Action potential

A

an electrical charge that occurs on the membrane of a muscle cell in response to a nerve impulse

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39
Q

Aerobic

A

requiring oxygen

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40
Q

Agonist

A

the muscle responsible for causing a movement (prime mover)

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41
Q

Anaerobic

A

not requiring oxygen

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42
Q

Antagonist

A
  • the muscle that opposes the movement caused by a prime mover
  • it relaxes and lengthens in a controlled way to ensure movement is performed smoothly by the prime mover
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43
Q

Aponeurosis

A

a flat, sheet-like tendon that attaches muscle to bone, to skin, or another muscle

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44
Q

Atony

A

the lack of muscle tone

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45
Q

Atrophy

A

the wasting away of muscles

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46
Q

Autorhythmic cells

A

muscle or nerve cells that generate an impulse without an external stimulus (i.e. they’re self-excitable)

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47
Q

Conductivity

A

the ability of muscle cells to move action potentials along their plasma membranes

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48
Q

Contractility

A

the ability of muscles to contract and shorten

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49
Q

Depression (of the shoulders)

A

dropping of the shoulders downward

50
Q

Elasticity

A

the ability of muscles to return to their original shape after contracting or extending

51
Q

Elevation (of the shoulders)

A

lifting the shoulders upwards

52
Q

Excitability

A

the ability of the muscles or nerve cells to respond to stimuli

53
Q

Extensibility

A

the ability of the muscles to extend and lengthen

54
Q

Fascia

A

connective tissue that surrounds and protects organs, lines walls of the body, holds muscles together, and separates muscles

55
Q

Fatigue (of muscles)

A

a muscle’s inability to respond to stimulus or maintain contractions

56
Q

Fibrosis

A

the replacement of connective tissue by scar tissue

57
Q

Fixators

A

muscles that stabilise the bone of the prime mover’s origin so that it can act efficiently (stabilisers)

58
Q

Glycolysis

A

the cellular process through which glucose is split into pyruvic acid and ATP

59
Q

Hypertonia

A

an increase in muscle tone (hypertonic muscles)

60
Q

Insertion

A

the point where muscle attaches to the moving bone of a joint

61
Q

Irritability

A

the ability of muscles or nerve cells to respond to stimuli

62
Q

Myoglobin

A

a protein that binds with oxygen and carries it to the muscle cells

63
Q

Myology

A

a study of muscles

64
Q

Origin

A

the point where a muscle attaches to a stationary bone of a joint

65
Q

Prime mover

A

the muscle responsible for causing a movement (agonist)

66
Q

Protraction

A

a forward movement of the shoulder or mandible on a plane parallel to the ground

67
Q

Retraction

A

a backward movement on a plane parallel to the ground (the opposite of protraction)

68
Q

Stabilisers

A

muscles that stabilise the bone of the prime mover’s origin so that it can act efficiently (fixators)

69
Q

Striated

A

having the appearance of light and dark bands, or striations

70
Q

Synergists

A

muscles that help the prime mover

71
Q

Tendon

A

a strong cord of dense connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones, to the skin, or to other muscles

72
Q

Thermogenesis

A

the generation of heat in the body

73
Q

Tone (tonus)

A

the partial contraction of a resting muscle

74
Q

Apoptosis

A

the normal, ordered death and removal of cells as part of tissue development, maintenance, and renewal

75
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • ductless glands that secrete substances into the extracellular space around their cells
  • these secretions then diffuse into blood capillaries and are transported by the blood to target cells located throughout the body
76
Q

Endocrinology

A

the study of the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete

77
Q

Exocrine glands

A

glands that secrete substances into ducts that carry the substances into the body cavities or to the outer surface of the body

78
Q

Gonads

A

sex organs that produce mature sex cells

79
Q

Hormone

A

a chemical messenger that regulates cellular activity and is produced by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood

80
Q

Hypersecretion

A

over- or excessive secretion

81
Q

Hyposecretion

A

under-secretion

82
Q

Antibody

A

a specialised protein that is synthesised to destroy a specific antigen

83
Q

Antigen

A

any substance that the body recognises as foreign

84
Q

Inflammation

A

the body’s response to tissue damage

85
Q

Lymphocyte

A

a type of white blood cell involved in immunity (B and T cells are types)

86
Q

Macrophage

A

a scavenger cell that engulfs and destroys microbes

87
Q

Metastasis

A

the spread of cancer from its site of origin

88
Q

Microbe (microorganism)

A

an organism that is too small to be seen by the naked eye (including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and some fungi)

89
Q

Pathogen

A

a disease-causing microorganism

90
Q

Phagocyte

A

a cell that is able to engulf and digest microbes (include macrophages and some types of white blood cell)

91
Q

Fertilisation

A

the union and fusion of an ovum and a spermatozoon to form a zygote

92
Q

Gamete

A

a mature sex cell (spermatozoon or ovum)

93
Q

Lactation

A

the secretion of milk by the mammary glands

94
Q

Meiosis

A

reproductive cell division in which 4 haploid daughter cells are produced

95
Q

Menopause

A

the time in a woman’s life when she stops menstruating and ovulating, and is no longer able to bear children

96
Q

Oogenesis

A

the production of mature ova in the ovaries

97
Q

Ova (ovum = singular)

A

mature female sex cells

98
Q

Puberty

A

the time of life when people become capable of reproducing children and their bodies develop secondary sexual characteristics

99
Q

Semen (seminal fluid)

A

fluid containing sperm and a mixture of fluids secreted by the reproductive glands

100
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

the production of spermatozoa in the testes

101
Q

Spermatozoa (spermatozoon = singular)

A

mature male sex cells

102
Q

Kinesiology

A

= study of motion of the body

103
Q

Aetiology

A

= the cause of a specific disease

104
Q

Pathology

A

the study of disease, including its causes, effects and progression

105
Q

Incidence

A

the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a population over a specific period of time

106
Q

Prevalence

A

a measure of the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time; it includes both new and pre-existing cases

107
Q

Diagnosis

A

the process of identifying a disease, condition or injury from its signs and symptoms

108
Q

Prognosis

A

prediction of the likely course of a disease, including the chance of recovery, recurrence, or death

109
Q

Pathogenesis

A

focuses on the origin, development and underlying causes of a disease

110
Q

Pathophysiology

A

delves into the physiology changes that occur as a result of the disease process

111
Q

Signs

A

an objective indication and evidence of a disease

112
Q

Symptoms

A

a person’s subjective experience that may indicate a disease or condition

113
Q

Disease

A

a specific medical condition

114
Q

Illness

A

a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind

115
Q

Condition

A

the general term indicating a state of health(e.g.: well, ill, stable, critical); sometimes used in place of disease or disorder

116
Q

Disorder

A

a group of symptoms that disrupts normal physical or mental functions (also referred to as functional abnormalities or disturbances)

117
Q

Syndrome

A

a group of symptoms that occur together and may covary over time (e.g.: AIDS)

118
Q

Disability

A

a restriction that results from an impairment

119
Q

Impairment

A

a loss or abnormality in a person’s body or mind

120
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

the production of blood cells and platelets

121
Q

Metastasis

A

spread of cancer from its site of origin

122
Q
A

Physiotherapy (39 decks)

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