Elbow

Question 2

What type of joint is an elbow joint?

Answer 2

synovial uniaxial hinge joint

Question 3

What movements are available at the elbow joint?

Answer 3

flexion & extension

Question 4

What movements are available at the radioulnar joint?

Answer 4

supination & pronation

Question 5

How do men and women’s carrying angle differentiate at the elbow?

Answer 5

Men = 10-15 degrees
Women = 20-25 degrees

Question 6

What is the purpose of the carrying angle of the elbow

Answer 6

permits the forearm to clear the hips in swinging movements during walking and is important when carrying objects

Question 7

Does stability of the elbow increase or decrease with flexion?

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

What is the expected ROM at the elbow during active and passive flexion?

Answer 8

Active = 145 degrees
Passive = 160 degrees

Question 9

What is the expected ROM at the elbow during extension?

Answer 9

0 degrees

Question 10

What muscles are involved in elbow flexion?

Answer 10

• biceps brachii
• brachialis
• brachioradialis
• pronator teres

Question 11

What is the origin of the short and long head of the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 11

Short = Coracoid process
Long = Lip of glenoid fossa

Question 12

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 12

Radial tuberosity

Question 13

What is the origin of the brachialis muscle?

Answer 13

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Question 14

What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

Answer 14

coronoid process

Question 15

What is the origin of the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 15

lateral ridge of distal humerus

Question 16

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 16

lateral surface of distal radius near the styloid process

Question 17

What muscles are involved in the extension of the elbow?

Answer 17

• triceps brachii
• anconeus

Question 18

What is the origin of the anconeus muscle?

Answer 18

lateral epicondyle

Question 19

What is the insertion of the anconeus muscle?

Answer 19

lateral side of olecranon process

Question 20

What is the origin of the long, lateral, and medial heads of triceps brachii muscle?

Answer 20

Long = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral = posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial = posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Question 21

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle?

Answer 21

olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm

Question 22

Where is the cubital lymph node found?

Answer 22

lies above the medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 23

What muscles are involved in pronation of the radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

• pronator teres
• pronator quadratus

Question 24

What muscles are involved in supination of the radioulnar joint?

Answer 24

• biceps brachii
• brachioradialis
• supinator

Question 25

When is pronation and supination most powerful?

Answer 25

when the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

Question 26

What is the ROM for pronation?

Answer 26

85 degrees

Question 27

What is the ROM for supination?

Answer 27

85 degrees

Question 28

What is the end feel for both pronation and supination?

Answer 28

firm

Question 29

What are some examples of common pathologies in the elbow?

Answer 29

• Lateral elbow tendinopathy
• Medial elbow tendinopathy
• Biceps tendon rupture
• Olecranon bursitis
• Olecranon fracture
• Monteggia fracture-dislocation of proximal ulna
• Galeazzi fracture-dislocation of distal 3rd of radius with dislocation of distal R-U joint
• Elbow arthroplasty
• Annular ligament tear resulting from traction dislocation in children
• Bowing fracture of the radius in children