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Physiotherapy > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is an elbow joint?

A

synovial uniaxial hinge joint

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2
Q

What movements are available at the elbow joint?

A

flexion & extension

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3
Q

What movements are available at the radioulnar joint?

A

supination & pronation

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4
Q

How do men and women’s carrying angle differentiate at the elbow?

A

Men = 10-15 degrees
Women = 20-25 degrees

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the carrying angle of the elbow

A

permits the forearm to clear the hips in swinging movements during walking and is important when carrying objects

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6
Q

Does stability of the elbow increase or decrease with flexion?

A

increase

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7
Q

What is the expected ROM at the elbow during active and passive flexion?

A

Active = 145 degrees
Passive = 160 degrees

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8
Q

What is the expected ROM at the elbow during extension?

A

0 degrees

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9
Q

What muscles are involved in elbow flexion?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
  • pronator teres
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10
Q

What is the origin of the short and long head of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Short = Coracoid process
Long = Lip of glenoid fossa

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Radial tuberosity

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12
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis muscle?

A

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A

coronoid process

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14
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

lateral ridge of distal humerus

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

lateral surface of distal radius near the styloid process

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16
Q

What muscles are involved in the extension of the elbow?

A
  • triceps brachii
  • anconeus
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17
Q

What is the origin of the anconeus muscle?

A

lateral epicondyle

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the anconeus muscle?

A

lateral side of olecranon process

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19
Q

What is the origin of the long, lateral, and medial heads of triceps brachii muscle?

A

Long = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral = posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial = posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle?

A

olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm

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21
Q

Where is the cubital lymph node found?

A

lies above the medial epicondyle of humerus

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22
Q

When is pronation and supination most powerful?

A

when the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

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23
Q

What is the ROM for pronation?

A

85 degrees

24
Q

What is the ROM for supination?

A

85 degrees

25
Q

What is the end feel for both pronation and supination?

A

firm

26
Q

What are some examples of common pathologies in the elbow?

A
  • Lateral elbow tendinopathy
  • Medial elbow tendinopathy
  • Biceps tendon rupture
  • Olecranon bursitis
  • Olecranon fracture
  • Monteggia fracture-dislocation of proximal ulna
  • Galeazzi fracture-dislocation of distal 3rd of radius with dislocation of distal R-U joint
  • Elbow arthroplasty
  • Annular ligament tear resulting from traction dislocation in children
  • Bowing fracture of the radius in children
27
Q

Why is the inferior radioulnar joint stable?

A
  • articular disk
  • interosseous membrane
  • pronator quadratus
28
Q

What movement occurs at the radioulnar joint?

A

pronation and supination
(rotation of the lower end of the radius around the head of the ulna)

29
Q

Where does the intra-articular disc attach from and to?

A

Attaches from:
- lateral side of base of styloid process

Attaches to:
- inferior edge of ulnar notch

30
Q

What are the (2) muscles involved in pronation?

A
  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
31
Q

What are the (3) muscles involved in supination?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • supinator
32
Q

What are (2) superior radioulnar joint ligaments?

A
  • annular ligament
  • quadrate ligament
33
Q

Where does the annular ligament attach to?

A

anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of the ulna

34
Q

What does the annular ligament allow in the elbow?

A

allows the oval head of the radius to rotate freely over the ulna during pronation/supination

35
Q

What is the annular ligament superiorly supported by?

A

the radial collateral ligament

36
Q

What is the quadrate ligament attaches to?

A

from lower border of radial notch of the ulna to medial surface of neck of radius proximal to radial tuberosity

37
Q

What is the quadrate ligament strengthened by?

A

the lower borders of the annular ligament

38
Q

What are the innervations of the elbow joint?

A

Anteriorly:
- musculocutaneous nerve
- medial nerve
- radial nerve

Posteriorly:
- ulnar nerve
- radial nerve

39
Q

What muscles are involved in in elbow extension?

A
  • triceps brachii
  • anconeus
40
Q

What is the origin of the anconeus muscle?

A

lateral epicondyle

41
Q

Where is the insertion of the anconeus?

A

lateral side of olecranon process

42
Q

What action is produced by the anconeus muscle?

A

extension of elbow

43
Q

What is the origin of the long, lateral & medial heads of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head:
- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head:
- posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove

Medial head:
- posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

44
Q

Where is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm

45
Q

What action is produced by the triceps brachii?

A

extension

46
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve (C6, C7 + C8)

47
Q

What muscles are involved in in elbow flexion?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
  • pronator teres
48
Q

What are the origins of the short & long heads of the biceps brachii?

A

Short head:
- Coracoid process

Long head:
- Lip of glenoid fossa

49
Q

Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

radial tuberosity

50
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis?

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

51
Q

Where is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A

Coronoid process

52
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Lateral ridge of distal humerus

53
Q

Where is the insertion of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Lateral surface of distal radius near the styloid process

54
Q

What are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament?

A

Proximal:
- lateral epicondyle (2 bands)

Distal:
- anterior band + posterior band, both to annular ligament and radial notch

55
Q

What are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Proximal:
- Medial epicondyle (3 bands)

Distal attachment:
- Anterior band: Coronoid process and CFO
- Posterior Band: Olecranon process
- Interior band: Between 2 other bands

Physiotherapy (48 decks)

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