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Physiotherapy > Pharmacy > Flashcards

Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

the study of what the body does to a drug (i.e. how the drug is handled)

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2
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

the study of what a drug does to the body (i.e. how it works)

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3
Q

What is the ADME principle?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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4
Q

What does the rate of absorption of drugs into systemic circulation depend on?

A

the route of administration

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5
Q

What are the different methods of absorption of drugs?

A
  • Oral
  • Buccal (via the cheek)
  • Inhalation
  • Rectal
  • Topical
  • intravenous/ Intramuscular/ Subcutaneous
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6
Q

What is topical absorption of drugs?

A

absorption through the skin

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7
Q

Why is rectal absorption of drugs efficient?

A

reduced 1st pass metabolism

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8
Q

Why is inhalation absorption of drugs efficient?

A

large surface area and high blood flow

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9
Q

Why is buccal absorption of drugs effective?

A

high blood flow, avoids 1st pass metabolism

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10
Q

Why is oral absorption of drugs efficient/inefficient?

A
  • convenient
  • efficient
  • difference in pH
  • subject to 1st pass metabolism
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11
Q

What is the 1st pass metabolism & bioavailability?

A

1st pass effect decreases the active drug’s concentration upon reaching systemic circulation or its site of action
(often associated with the liver)

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12
Q

What are important factors determining distribution?

A
  • Protein binding
  • Blood flow
  • Membrane permeation
  • Tissue solubility
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13
Q

What factors influence drug metabolism?

A
  • Genetics
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Liver Size & Function
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Body Temperature
  • Nutritional State
  • Other medications (can increase/decrease metabolism)
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14
Q

What are common protein targets for drugs?

A
  • Receptors
  • Ion channels
  • Carrier molecules
  • Enzymes
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15
Q

What are examples of pro-drugs?

A
  • Codeine
  • Enalapril
  • Dabigatran
  • Gabapentin
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16
Q

What are pro-drugs?

A

inactive drugs given orally, which rely on conversion by enzymes into the active drug

17
Q

Why do we need medicines management?

A
  • Growing number of people living with a long-term condition (LTC)
  • 25% of people over 60 report having 2 or more LTCs
  • Estimated the >2.9 million people in the UK have multimorbidity (NICE 2015)
  • Increase in polypharmacy (esp. elderly)
  • Increased exposure to number of prescribers
  • Medicines need to be optimised (managed) to improve safety, improve concordance, reduce waste & costs
  • Often seen as ‘someone else’s job
18
Q

What are the benefits of non-medical prescribing and safety?

A
  • Numerous studies have demonstrated non-medical prescribing is safe and equivalent to traditional care systems
  • Patients report greater flexibility, easier access to care and that chronic conditions are better managed
  • Greater professional autonomy and broader opportunities
19
Q

What are the (4) classifications of medicines?

A
  • Prescription Only Medicine (POM)
  • Pharmacy Medicine (P)
  • General Sales List Medicine (GSL)
  • Over The Counter Medicine (OTC)
20
Q

Glucocorticoids.
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– reduces bone density and adrenal insufficiency resulting in osteoporosis, increased fracture risk and joint pain.

(Asthma, COPD, arthritis, Crohn’s disease)

21
Q

Steroids
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– after 3/12 can cause reduction in bone density, osteoporosis

(asthma, MS, RA, other inflammatory conditions)

22
Q

Statins
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– myopathy, mostly mild but occasionally severe

(reduce cholesterol, cardiovascular disease)

23
Q

Beta-blockers
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– muscle cramps and mild muscle pain

(cardiovascular disease)

24
Q

Hormones related drugs
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– muscle cramps and mild muscle pain

(contraceptive pill and HRT)

25
Q

Diuretics
What are they used for (purpose & conditions)?

A

– muscle cramps

(Oedema treatment, kidney disease, CV problems)

Physiotherapy (48 decks)

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