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Test 3 Bio Flashcards

Quiz 10, 11, 12

1
Q

The filtering unit of the nephron is

A

renal corpuscle made up of the gloemerulus and bowmans capsule

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2
Q

65% of water is absorbed in

A

proximal tubule

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3
Q

The descending loop of Henle is

permeable to

A

water

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4
Q

The digestion and utilization of which nutirent creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waster exretion

A

protein

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5
Q

In the thick ascending loop of henle Na and Cl atoms are pumped up the concentration gradient from an area of lesser concentration within the tubule to an area of greater concentration outside the tubule this involves

A

active transport

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6
Q

Increased ADH secretion is likely after

A

sweating-induced dehydration increases plasma osmolarity

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7
Q

Melatonin

A

pineal gland

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8
Q

ACTH, STH, GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL

A

anterior lobe pituitary

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9
Q

ADH

A

posterior lobe pituitary

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10
Q

Parathyroid Hromone

A

parathyroid

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11
Q

Testosterone

A

testes

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12
Q

Thyroxin

A

thryoid

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

thryoid

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14
Q

Estrogen

A

ovaries

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15
Q

Insulin

A

pancreatic islets

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16
Q

Regulaes effect of light dark cycle on other glands

A

melatonin

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17
Q

increases cell division, protein
synthesis, promotes growth
especially in the bones

A

GH

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18
Q

increases glucose levels in blood

and brain

A

Glucagon

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19
Q

stimulates secretion of thryoxin

and triidothyronine

A

TSH

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20
Q

releases calcium from bone,
increases clacium absorption
in digestive tract and kidneys

A

Parathyroid Hormones

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21
Q

increases rate of clacium deposition in bone

A

Calcitonin

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22
Q

maintains male secondary sex characteristic

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

increases cellular glucose uptake and conversion of glucose to glycogen

A

Insulin

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24
Q

stimulates and maintains metabolic

processes

A

Thyroxin

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25
Q

stimulates muscle contractions of the uterus

A

Oxytocin

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26
Q

substances produced by one part of the body that have an effect on specific target cells located in a different part of the body

A

Hormones

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27
Q

excessive secretion of GH by the anterior pituitary results in

A

Pituitary Giantism

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28
Q

if individuals produce too much thyroxin

A

hyperactive

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29
Q

excessive production of GH during adulthood results in

A

acromegaly

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30
Q

Grave’s disease is

A

Hyperthyroidism

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31
Q

if the thyroid is underactive while an infant is maturing, the child may develop a condition called

A

cretenism

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32
Q

control center of the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

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33
Q

which of the following hormones has the broadest range of targest

A

GH

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34
Q

every time you eat a cookie or candy bar, your blood sugar increases. This triggers an increase in the hormone

A

Insulin

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35
Q

which of the following hormones have antagonistic (opposing) effects?

A

insulin and glucagons

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36
Q

which disorder is correctly matched with its cause?

A

pituitary dwarfism and hyposecretion of growth hormone

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37
Q

injections of a hormone are sometimes given to strengthen contraction of the uterus during childbirth. What hormone might this be?

A

Oxytocin

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38
Q

type I diabetes mellitus

A

an autoimmune disease that develops following immune attack on pancreatic cells

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39
Q

jet lag occurs when a person moves rapidly from one time zone to another, cuasing conflict between the body’s biological rhythm and the new cylce of light and dark. Some scientists suspect that jet lag may result from disruption of a daily hormone cylce. which of the following hormones do you think is the most likely suspect?

A

melatonin

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40
Q

as a young girl, maria suffered a head injury that damages her pituitary. An injury to the pituitary is particularly serios because of all the function controlled by this gland. As maria got older, she and her doctors found that all of the following except ________ were affected.

A

blood sugar level/pancreas

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41
Q

Because only the _________ gland uses iodine to make its hormones, radioactive iodine is often used as a treatment for tumors of this gland.

A

thyroid

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42
Q

Only one chromosme of each homologus pair is present

A

Haploid

n

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43
Q

the male gonad is

A

testis

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44
Q

sperm are produced in

A

seminiferous tubules

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45
Q

peaks of LH and FSH production occur

A

the period surounding ovulation

46
Q

the female gonad is

A

ovary

47
Q

the simplest definition of meiosis is

A

reduction cell division

48
Q

oogenesis

A

has unequal cytokenesis

produces one large ocum and smaller polar bodies

49
Q

in anisogamtes, the male gamete is usually

A

Smaller
Called sperm
Mptile

50
Q

In anisogametes, the female gamete is usually

A

Larger
Called ovum
No motile

51
Q

genetic variation in sexual reproductin may occur by which means

A

crossing over in meiosis I
independent assortment of the chromosomes in gametogenesis
genetic recombination via fertilization

52
Q

the primary function o the polar bodies is

A

dumping ground for extra chromosomes

53
Q

Meiosis II does not take place in the oocyte until

A

puberty

54
Q

the joining of the spemr and ovum is called

A

fertilization

55
Q

the ball of cells which consists of 32 cells produced by a rapid series of cell division is

A

called morula

has the same colume as the zygote

56
Q

the cells arranged themselves so that there is a hollow cntral cavity called the blastoceol, this stage is called the

A

blastula

57
Q

cells invaginate, and ifferentiate to form three tissues layers the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. This stge is called

A

gastrula

58
Q

through differentiation the cells of this tissue form the muscles and bones of the musculoskeletal system. This tissue layer is

A

mesoderm

59
Q

coild tobues on top of each testis, which stores sperm until they are ejeculated

A

epididymis

60
Q

secrete mucous and an alkaline fluid which neutralizes the acidity of urin remaining in the urethra and which provides lubrication to facilitate penetration of the vagina

A

bulbourethral gland

61
Q

sperm duct which carries the sperm from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicle

62
Q

carries the ovum to the uterus

A

fallopian tubes

63
Q

hollow, muscular, thick walled organ lined with mucous membranes in which the ebryo implants iself

A

uterus

64
Q

recieves the sprm nd is the birth canal it is highly acid

A

vagina

65
Q

during the first third of human pregnancy, the major source of progesterone is

A

corpus luteum

66
Q

which of the follwing correctly traces the path of spemr from their site of production to exiting a man’s body?

A

seminiferous tubule-epididymis-vasdeferens-urethra

67
Q

on its way to fertilize a human egg, a perm cell does no have to pass through which of the following

A

ovary

68
Q

folic acid is important ton ormal enurla tube development. Its absence can lead to

A

anecephaly

69
Q

for a species with the genotype AaBbCcDdEe, how many different combination of chormosomes are possivle in the gametes

A

32

70
Q

homologous chormosomes separate during

A

meiosis I

71
Q

which of the following affects the number of genetically distinct gametes that an organism can make

A

the number of chromosomes in the cell
the number of genes for which different alleles are present
random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
corossing over during meiosis

72
Q

corssing over is_________.

A

the exchange of homologous protion of nonsister chromatids

73
Q

which of the following correctly displays the sequence of development milestones?

A

cleaveage-morula-blastula-gastrula

74
Q

the archenteron of the developing frog eventually develops into the

A

digestive tract

75
Q

the neural fold and neural tube lead to the formation of

A

spinal cord
brain
central nervous system

76
Q

The type of neuron that when stimulated by the environement transmists an impulse to the central nervous system is an

A

sensory neurons

77
Q

motor neurons generally transmit information to the CNS

A

False

78
Q

You come o class and are surprised to find out that there is an exan today. As a result of your surprise, your heart rate increases, you’re breathing rate increases, and your digestive system shuts down. Amazingly, you remain calm enough to realize that these events are being stimualted by

A

sympathetic division of the PNS

79
Q

the part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord is

A

central nervious system

80
Q

in a neuron, the exon conducts nerve impulses

A

away from the cell body

81
Q

inside the neuron there are lare organic ions that carry

A

negative electric charge

82
Q

in humnas the best developed area of the brain is the

A

cerebrum

83
Q

synaptic transmission generally depends upon the release of

A

neurotransmitters

84
Q

the space between two neurons is

A

synaptic cleft

85
Q

conduction of a nerve impulse is

A

electrochemical

86
Q

those nerves leading from the central nervious system to the skeletal muscles or glands

A

somatic nervous system

87
Q

in the axon of a neuron at resting potential, the elctrical charge is

A

more negative inside the membrane

88
Q

a thin muscular diapragm that regulates the size of the pupil and therefore the amount of light entering the eye is

A

iris

89
Q

receptors for the sense of smell are

A

olfactory cells

90
Q

rods in the retina of the eye are responsible for

A

night vision

91
Q

in the eye, light energy is converted into

A

chemical energy

92
Q

an impulse is generated when the fluid in the cochlea moves the tectoral membrane against the hair and nerve endings of the

A

basilar membrane

93
Q

in the rods of the ye, light striking the ye cuases the pigment rhodopsin to break down into

A

opsin

94
Q

in vertebrates, the photoreceptors o the eye are foind on the

A

retina

95
Q

glaucoma is caused by __________

A

blockage of the ducts that drain the aqueous humor

96
Q

which of the following correctly traces the path of light into your eye?

A

cornea, pupil, lens, retina

97
Q

which of these is the correct path of sound waves to the choclea?

A

auditory canal-eardrum-hammer-anvil-stirrup-oval window

98
Q

which of the following best descibes a nerve signal?

A

passage of ions through the membrane of a neuron

99
Q

damage to the nerve from the saccule and utricle to the brain could result in

A

dizzines

100
Q

the smallest unit of contraction in skeletal muscle is

A

sarcomere

101
Q

the bones of the pectoral girdle, arm, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet make up the

A

appendicular skeleton

102
Q

which of the following is not a function of a vertebrate skeleton

A

protection of external structures

103
Q

muscle fivers contract because

A

actin fibers and myosin fibers slide past each other

104
Q

muslce contraction occurs when a sarcomere

A

shortens

105
Q

you’re treating a patient who experienced a fracture to her appendiucal skeleton. Treatment of which of the following bones is indicated

A

hip

106
Q

all the following are important functions of the skelatl system except that

A

provides for rapid communication

107
Q

which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton

A

limbs

108
Q

which is a ball-and-socket joint?

A

sholder

109
Q

which of the major types of muscle in humans has a primary function in movement?

A

skeletal

110
Q

which of the following statemnets best descrives the sliking filament mechanism of muslce contraction?

A

as they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, while myosin filaments do not shorten

111
Q

which of the folloiwng types of muscle in huymns is involved in voluntary body movements?

A

skeletal

112
Q

arm and leg muscles are arranged in antagonistc paris. How does this affect their functioning?

A

it allows the muscles to produce opposing movements

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