Review for Health Final provided by Cano

Question 1

What are some of the effects of smoking?

Answer 1

reduces the amount of oxygen that is available in the blood stream

Question 2

Psychological things that lead to smoking?

Answer 2

desire to start a new identity, smokers are sexy, weight loss

Question 3

Media effects that lead to smoking

Answer 3

have famous people smoke, and make peoplew ho smoke look good

Question 4

Models that explain why people continue to soke after they start

Answer 4

Nicotine fixed-effect model, Nicotine regulation model, Affect-regulation model

Question 5

Nicotine fixed-effect model

Answer 5

A theory of smoking which states that nicotine stimulates reward inducing sensors in the nervous system

Question 6

Nicotine regulation model

Answer 6

Smoking is rewarded only when the levels of nicotine are maintained at a certain levelin the body, so the smoker keps smoking to keep them at that level

Question 7

affect-regulations model

Answer 7

the proposal that people smoke to attain positive affect as a way of enhancing the plasure associated with other events, such as smoking after a meal for example

Question 8

Combined model

Answer 8

multi-regulation model, Bio-Behavrioal Model

Question 9

Multi-Regulation Model

Answer 9

A combiatnion of physiological factors that lead to addiction

Question 10

Bio-Behavrioal model

Answer 10

Nicotine moakes people feel good which causes people to become dependent

Question 11

Strategies for preventing smoking

Answer 11

MassMedia approaches & Governmental approaches

Question 12

Mass Media Approachhes

Answer 12

Anti-Smoking campaigns

Question 13

Governmental approaches

Answer 13

restricted advertisement for cigarettes, enforcing age lases, limiting where people can smoke

Question 14

How do we quit

Answer 14

Nicotine replacement, low nicotine, nicotine patch, smoking pairing (paired with unpleasant stimulus), Response substitution (where you get the urge to grab a cigarret instead do something physical, like run)

Question 15

Health consquences of using alcohol

Answer 15

liver damage, DUI, Death

Question 16

Liver damage

Answer 16

Results in fat accummulating in the liver that leads to the blockage of blood flow throuhg the liver and cuases the cirrhosis of the liver

Question 17

What are some psychological factorst that leads to alcohol abuse?

Answer 17

attention reduction theory, social-learning theory, biological-genetic factors

Question 18

Attention reduction theory

Answer 18

people drink to cope or toregulate negative moods

Question 19

social learning theory

Answer 19

children learn to drink alochol by wacthing others do the same, peers, on tv, parents

Question 20

biological-genetic factros

Answer 20

some people are born with genetic predisposition to drink

Question 21

Strategies for preventing drinking

Answer 21

focus on detecting on people who are at risk and then provide them information on the effects and try to get them out of the problems

Question 22

Treatment

Answer 22

the best treatement is alocholics anonymous, aversion therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy.

Question 23

AA

Answer 23

Preaches abstinence of alochol and to share the problems with others

Question 24

Aversion Therapy

Answer 24

Associates alcohol with a negative, aversive stimuli

Question 25

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 25

Sees alcohol abuse as a learned behavior and this behavior can be chaned by using cognitive behavioral techniques

Question 26

How can you be classified as obese

Answer 26

being 40% or more over the ideal weight, determined this by the body mass index

Question 27

What BMI means you are obese?

Answer 27

higher than 30

Question 28

Consequences of obesity (Physcial

Answer 28

Increase risk of hypetension, kidney problems, gall bladder, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer

Question 29

Consequences of obesity (Social)

Answer 29

Tend to be less likable, they are subject of negative social attitudes from other individuals

Question 30

Factors that lead to obseity

Answer 30

Genetics, internal/external hypothesis, restraint theory, social factors,

Question 31

Genetics

Answer 31

Obesity is inherited, predisposed to be over weight

Question 32

Internal-external hypothesis

Answer 32

People often fail to listen to their internal cues that they are full

Question 33

Mood regulating hypothesis

Answer 33

People use food to regulate their moods

Question 34

Restraint theory

Answer 34

People are generally motivated to eat as an internally function of internal physiological cues of hunger

Question 35

Social Factors

Answer 35

``` Lifestyle Socio-cultural factors Friends and family Strategies to prevent obesity Strategies should start in early childhood Breast feeding Encourage children to eat healthy and exercise Limit TV time ```

Question 36

Treatment

Answer 36

Limiting calorie intake and dieting, burning calories through exercise, set short term goals, monitor one what eats, and operant conditioning strategies by rewarding people when they lost weight, and behavrioal changes, such as putting the fork down after taking a bite and chewing a number of times before swelling, and finally we have surgery

Question 37

Eating disorder

Answer 37

A disturbance in eating behavior that involve obsessive concerns about becoming over weight characterized by a distorted body image

Question 38

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 38

Drastic reduction in the amount of food intake, intentionally trying to lose weight

Question 39

Bulimia

Answer 39

Binge eating following by purging of the food,

Question 40

binge eating,

Answer 40

individually regularly eats large amounts of food at one time, leading to obesity

Question 41

Biological factors found in eating disorders

Answer 41

Genetics

Question 42

Psycholgocial factors

Answer 42

Personality Social-Cultural Family dynamics

Question 43

Personality

Answer 43

Where a person with anorexia nervosa will exhibit

Question 44

Social-Cultural

Answer 44

Looking at the norms, such as being thin is the norm

Question 45

Family dynamics

Answer 45

Parents influencing their children’s eating behavior

Question 46

Preventing eating disorders

Answer 46

Promoting healthy eating, exercise, and healthy body image promotion

Question 47

Treatment for eating disorders

Answer 47

Combination of individual and family therapy | Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

Question 48

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

Answer 48

Changing thinking process

Question 49

Pain

Answer 49

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual and potential tissue damage

Question 50

Acute pain

Answer 50

Intense pain but time limited

Question 51

Chronic pain

Answer 51

Begins as acute pain but doesn’t go away until a period of six months

Question 52

Three types of pain

Answer 52

Recurring Attractable benign Progressive

Question 53

Recurring

Answer 53

Caused by harmless, and it is there but sometimes it goes away but then it comes back

Question 54

Attractable benign

Answer 54

It is benign but it is persistent and it varies in intensity but it does not go away. Nothing is wring but the pain is still there

Question 55

Progressive

Answer 55

Primarily starts and gets worse over time. Progressive pain

Question 56

Specificity theory

Answer 56

There are specific receptors for specific type of sensation and one such sensation is pain When one cuts themselves, the message is then received

Question 57

The gate control theory

Answer 57

There is a mechanism that opens the gate for pain and or closes the gate for pain

Question 58

How do we measure pain

Answer 58

Self-report measures of pain On a scale of one to ten Pain inventory Self-report inventory and it asks people to select various words that describes their pain Behavioral Method They are limping, they rub something, or the look on their face, or groaning, or frowning Physiological measures for pain We noted physiological changes for the pain. Muscle becomes tense, and skin temperature is also involved

Question 59

Psychological factors that lead to pain:

Answer 59

Stress can influence pain Learning theory Some people are reinforced when they complain about a pain, in order to get attention Cognitive Those who think that their pain comes from serious sources feel more pain Mood Negative mood is associated with experiencing more pain, and more intensely Medication Local anesthesia used to control pain Physical therapy Physical stimulation Translutanouselectircal nerve transmutation process Nerves are electro-stimulated and lead to numbness Acupuncture, massage therapy Chiropractic therapy Psychological Hypnosis Bio-feed back Where people are trained to use monitors to monitor pain, but it is very expensive and time consuming Relaxation strategies Behavioral therapy Focusing on eliminating reinforcement for the expression of pain. Placebos and pain and how placebos seem to work, because a person exceptive for the pain to become reduced, then the patient will have little pain