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School > Review for Health Final provided by Cano > Flashcards

Review for Health Final provided by Cano Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the effects of smoking?

A

reduces the amount of oxygen that is available in the blood stream

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2
Q

Psychological things that lead to smoking?

A

desire to start a new identity, smokers are sexy, weight loss

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3
Q

Media effects that lead to smoking

A

have famous people smoke, and make peoplew ho smoke look good

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4
Q

Models that explain why people continue to soke after they start

A

Nicotine fixed-effect model, Nicotine regulation model, Affect-regulation model

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5
Q

Nicotine fixed-effect model

A

A theory of smoking which states that nicotine stimulates reward inducing sensors in the nervous system

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6
Q

Nicotine regulation model

A

Smoking is rewarded only when the levels of nicotine are maintained at a certain levelin the body, so the smoker keps smoking to keep them at that level

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7
Q

affect-regulations model

A

the proposal that people smoke to attain positive affect as a way of enhancing the plasure associated with other events, such as smoking after a meal for example

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8
Q

Combined model

A

multi-regulation model, Bio-Behavrioal Model

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9
Q

Multi-Regulation Model

A

A combiatnion of physiological factors that lead to addiction

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10
Q

Bio-Behavrioal model

A

Nicotine moakes people feel good which causes people to become dependent

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11
Q

Strategies for preventing smoking

A

MassMedia approaches & Governmental approaches

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12
Q

Mass Media Approachhes

A

Anti-Smoking campaigns

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13
Q

Governmental approaches

A

restricted advertisement for cigarettes, enforcing age lases, limiting where people can smoke

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14
Q

How do we quit

A

Nicotine replacement, low nicotine, nicotine patch, smoking pairing (paired with unpleasant stimulus), Response substitution (where you get the urge to grab a cigarret instead do something physical, like run)

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15
Q

Health consquences of using alcohol

A

liver damage, DUI, Death

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16
Q

Liver damage

A

Results in fat accummulating in the liver that leads to the blockage of blood flow throuhg the liver and cuases the cirrhosis of the liver

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17
Q

What are some psychological factorst that leads to alcohol abuse?

A

attention reduction theory, social-learning theory, biological-genetic factors

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18
Q

Attention reduction theory

A

people drink to cope or toregulate negative moods

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19
Q

social learning theory

A

children learn to drink alochol by wacthing others do the same, peers, on tv, parents

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20
Q

biological-genetic factros

A

some people are born with genetic predisposition to drink

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21
Q

Strategies for preventing drinking

A

focus on detecting on people who are at risk and then provide them information on the effects and try to get them out of the problems

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22
Q

Treatment

A

the best treatement is alocholics anonymous, aversion therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy.

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23
Q

AA

A

Preaches abstinence of alochol and to share the problems with others

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24
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

Associates alcohol with a negative, aversive stimuli

25
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Sees alcohol abuse as a learned behavior and this behavior can be chaned by using cognitive behavioral techniques

26
Q

How can you be classified as obese

A

being 40% or more over the ideal weight, determined this by the body mass index

27
Q

What BMI means you are obese?

A

higher than 30

28
Q

Consequences of obesity (Physcial

A

Increase risk of hypetension, kidney problems, gall bladder, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer

29
Q

Consequences of obesity (Social)

A

Tend to be less likable, they are subject of negative social attitudes from other individuals

30
Q

Factors that lead to obseity

A

Genetics, internal/external hypothesis, restraint theory, social factors,

31
Q

Genetics

A

Obesity is inherited, predisposed to be over weight

32
Q

Internal-external hypothesis

A

People often fail to listen to their internal cues that they are full

33
Q

Mood regulating hypothesis

A

People use food to regulate their moods

34
Q

Restraint theory

A

People are generally motivated to eat as an internally function of internal physiological cues of hunger

35
Q

Social Factors

A 
Lifestyle
Socio-cultural factors
Friends and family
Strategies to prevent obesity
Strategies should start in early childhood
Breast feeding
Encourage children to eat healthy and exercise
Limit TV time
36
Q

Treatment

A

Limiting calorie intake and dieting, burning calories through exercise, set short term goals, monitor one what eats, and operant conditioning strategies by rewarding people when they lost weight, and behavrioal changes, such as putting the fork down after taking a bite and chewing a number of times before swelling, and finally we have surgery

37
Q

Eating disorder

A

A disturbance in eating behavior that involve obsessive concerns about becoming over weight characterized by a distorted body image

38
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Drastic reduction in the amount of food intake, intentionally trying to lose weight

39
Q

Bulimia

A

Binge eating following by purging of the food,

40
Q

binge eating,

A

individually regularly eats large amounts of food at one time, leading to obesity

41
Q

Biological factors found in eating disorders

A

Genetics

42
Q

Psycholgocial factors

A

Personality
Social-Cultural
Family dynamics

43
Q

Personality

A

Where a person with anorexia nervosa will exhibit

44
Q

Social-Cultural

A

Looking at the norms, such as being thin is the norm

45
Q

Family dynamics

A

Parents influencing their children’s eating behavior

46
Q

Preventing eating disorders

A

Promoting healthy eating, exercise, and healthy body image promotion

47
Q

Treatment for eating disorders

A

Combination of individual and family therapy

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

48
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

A

Changing thinking process

49
Q

Pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual and potential tissue damage

50
Q

Acute pain

A

Intense pain but time limited

51
Q

Chronic pain

A

Begins as acute pain but doesn’t go away until a period of six months

52
Q

Three types of pain

A

Recurring
Attractable benign
Progressive

53
Q

Recurring

A

Caused by harmless, and it is there but sometimes it goes away but then it comes back

54
Q

Attractable benign

A

It is benign but it is persistent and it varies in intensity but it does not go away. Nothing is wring but the pain is still there

55
Q

Progressive

A

Primarily starts and gets worse over time. Progressive pain

56
Q

Specificity theory

A

There are specific receptors for specific type of sensation and one such sensation is pain
When one cuts themselves, the message is then received

57
Q

The gate control theory

A

There is a mechanism that opens the gate for pain and or closes the gate for pain

58
Q

How do we measure pain

A

Self-report measures of pain
On a scale of one to ten
Pain inventory
Self-report inventory and it asks people to select various words that describes their pain
Behavioral Method
They are limping, they rub something, or the look on their face, or groaning, or frowning
Physiological measures for pain
We noted physiological changes for the pain. Muscle becomes tense, and skin temperature is also involved

59
Q

Psychological factors that lead to pain:

A

Stress can influence pain
Learning theory
Some people are reinforced when they complain about a pain, in order to get attention
Cognitive
Those who think that their pain comes from serious sources feel more pain
Mood
Negative mood is associated with experiencing more pain, and more intensely
Medication
Local anesthesia used to control pain
Physical therapy
Physical stimulation
Translutanouselectircal nerve transmutation process
Nerves are electro-stimulated and lead to numbness
Acupuncture, massage therapy
Chiropractic therapy
Psychological
Hypnosis
Bio-feed back
Where people are trained to use monitors to monitor pain, but it is very expensive and time consuming
Relaxation strategies
Behavioral therapy
Focusing on eliminating reinforcement for the expression of pain. Placebos and pain and how placebos seem to work, because a person exceptive for the pain to become reduced, then the patient will have little pain

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