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deck_561319 Flashcards

1
Q

Sioux

A

Indian tribe that’s located in the Dakota region, and is divided into the Asinnibone, Mandan, and Dakota Sioux tribes.

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2
Q

How was the problem of the “Plain Indians” resolved?

A
  1. Army was sent to fight the Indians. The U.S. army preferred to use the cavalry.2. Colt Revolver & repeating rifle was invented.3. Established Indian Reservations4. Bounty on Buffalo5. Transcontinental Railroad6. Diseases
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3
Q

Indian Reservations

A

Indians would have to live there only if they left would they be killed

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4
Q

Colt Revolever

A

Invented by Samuel Colt

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5
Q

Bounty on Buffalo

A

Buffalo had a bounty on them, with a $2 bounty per tail and the body left to rot.

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6
Q

Diseases

A

The Indians began to get white man’s diseases. These were deadly since many of the Indians didn’t have any immunity to the diseases.

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7
Q

Crazy Horse

A

Sioux war chief, and was the co-leader of the Indians at the battle of little big horn

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8
Q

Sitting Bull

A

Sioux medicine man, and was the co-leader of the Indians at the battle of Little Big Horn.

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9
Q

Little Big Horn

A

Largest battle between the Indians and the U.S. Army taken place in Montana. U.S. army was led by Gen. George Armstrong Custer leading the U.S. Cavalry. The battle was between 4,000 warriors and 264 cavalry me from the U.S. U.S. tried to run away, but they died on the run back.

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10
Q

Settlement of the West

A

1865-19001. Homestead act of 18622. Land Grants to Railroads3. Land Rushes

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11
Q

Homestead act of 1862

A

free farms of 160 acres to anyone who would move out west. Most of these people were civil war vets., estern farmers whose farms had worn out, and new immigrants from Europe.

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12
Q

Land Rushes

A

They would settle land by setting up acres and numbering them, then people would have to run in and get the little flag with the number they would get the land. much like black friday

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13
Q

Environemental problems in the Great Plain

A
  1. Lack of wood2. Lack of Water3. toughness of the sod
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14
Q

lack of wood

A

Great plains hardly have any trees. Houses had to be built out of sod bricks. There was also a fencing problem, until barbed wire was invented to fix this problem.

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15
Q

Lack of Water

A

water for family, livestock, and irrigation was needed, but there wasn’t any water, and it hardly rained. To fix this they had to create wells, but the water was really deep down. Thus they had to invent the water mill to pump up water, using the same method as oil pumping.

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16
Q

Toughness of the Sod

A

The sod in the great plains was extremly hard, as the soil had a great network of grass roots. This created a tough sod and it had to be fixed by creating a steel tipped plow. this was created by John Deere who took up a role of producing many farming tools.

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17
Q

Cattle Drives in the West

A
  1. Sedalia Trail2. Chisholm Trail3. Western Trail4. Goodnight Loving Trail
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18
Q

Sedalia Trail

A

ran from San Antonio to Kansas City

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19
Q

Chisholm Trail

A

Ran from Brownsville to Wichita, Kansas

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20
Q

Western Trail

A

Ran from S. Texas to Dodge City, Kansas

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21
Q

Goodnight Loving Trail

A

Ran from W. Texas to Denver

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22
Q

End of Cattle drives

A
  1. Cattle was raised in Kansas and Nebraska2. longhorn cattle was inferior to other beef products–Hereford & Angus cattle was better for beef3. West began to be fenced4. Southern Pacific Railroad built in 1886
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23
Q

“Buffalo Bill” Cody

A

He was a buffalo hunter, an Indian scalper, and a circus performer–in the Buffalo Bill wild west show.

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24
Q

Wyatt Earp

A

U.S. Marshal for dodge city Kansas and Tumbstone, Arizona. He was a very harsh Marshal.

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25
Q

“Wild Bill” Hickbook

A

most famous gun figher in the west killed in deadwood, South Dakota while playing.

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26
Q

gold discoveries

A

Sutter’s Mill California in 1849Pikes Peak, Colorado, gives rise to Denver in 1859Comstok load in nevada in 1859Blakhills, South Dakota(deadwood) homesteak mine.

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27
Q

Results of the gold Disocoveries

A

Led to rise of the U.S. Geological SurveyRapid Expansion of the U.S. economy minerals provided material needed for industrial expansion

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28
Q

Frederick Jackson Turner

A

“Turner’s Thesis” states “American character was created by the frontier.

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29
Q

American Character according to the Frederick Jackson Turner

A
  1. Restless–most people move at least 7 times2. versatile–american’s need to know a lot of things3. Don’t respect Tradition–don’t care about past, only present and future4. No Class system–base judgement of a person on what he/she can do5. Lawless society–Don’t obey laws very well
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30
Q

Urban and Industrial Growth

A

1870: rural pop. 40 M.– Urban Pop. 10 M.1900: rural pop. 76 M.– Urban Pop. 30 M.

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31
Q

American Cities

A

1850: 1900:N.Y.C.–696K 3.4MChicago–29K 1.7MPhiladelphia–121K 1.3MSt. Louis–77K 575KBoston–136K 560K

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32
Q

Causes of urban growth

A
  1. The Civil War spurred in Industrial growth2. cyrus McCromick’s agricultural harvester repleaces manual labor aross the U.S.3. Rapid Immigration, taking in anyone who wants to come creating cheap labor force4. Discovey of mineral in americ’s western mountains will prvide the raw materils for the industries
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33
Q

Steel

A

Henry Bessemer created machine Bessemere converter or “Blast Furnace” named todaysteel needed Coal, Iron Ore, and LImestoneMessabi Range was the main source of irionCoal was found in Penn. and west VirginiaPittsburg becomes first steel center. Soon it was followed by Cleveland, Detroit, and chicago, and Gary Indiana remains as the main steel center for many decades.

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34
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Scotish immirant created a near monopoly owner of the steel industry and became the first great millionary and great CEO. Then sold all his holding to create the U.S. Steel Corp. His most famous quote was “Not a sin to be rich, but it is a sign to die rich,” and he gave money to create 3K public libraries

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35
Q

Railroad Industry

A

Track milage quadripled from 1865-1900, and Chicago becamoe the railroad center.

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36
Q

Train Improvements

A

Train Speed increased from 40m/hr to 100m/hr2. switch from burning wood to coal3. powerful light given off by the light bulb created by edison4. Bogeys for the wheel5. Iron rails to steel rails6. Wodden tressels and bridges to steel tressels and bridges7. George Westinhouse invented air breaks.8. Double traking of the american railroads

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37
Q

Cornelious Vanderbilt

A

Built many railroads then sold them to a rail company. “Builtmore” mansion, the largest in America, was owned by him.

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38
Q

George Westinhouse

A

Invented the air breaks

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39
Q

Air Breaks

A

Invented by George Westinhouse. The air breaks would be activited by the driver of the train, and then it will stop the last car first and work itself in a relay method to the first car. This made the stopping much faster and easier.

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40
Q

Shipping Industry

A

shift from wooden ship to steel shipsteel ship has no length limitspurred world trade

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41
Q

Urban Transportation

A

electric trolley elevated railway subway Elevator Automobile

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42
Q

Elisha Otis

A

Invented the Elevator

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43
Q

Petroleum Industry

A

First mine in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859 by Edwin DrakeNylon was first synthetic fiber from oil, and it was named by N.Y.C. and London where it was invented at the same time.

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44
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Standard Oil Co. was founded and owned by him. He owned most of the oil fields, shipping, and refineries of the United States, having a near monopoly of the industry. He was later forced to break up the co. and keep only 1/8 and he kept what is today Exxon

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45
Q

Electric Power

A

Micheal Farraday English inventor discovered electricity.

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46
Q

Telephone Industry

A

Alexander Graham Bell– Copper wired can carry human voice invented in 1876ATT founded in 1885–gave huge spurr to the copper industry and logging industry

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47
Q

Auto Industry

A

A steam engine and an electric car were all probable option, but they all failed. Only the internal combustion engine worked and created by four major co. Ransome olds–Oldsmobile, Henry Ford–Ford, Carl Benz–Mercedes Benz. The wheels at first were made out of wood, but then Charles Goodyear invented the pneumatic tire.

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48
Q

“Big 3”

A

Ford, GM, Chrysler all located in Detroit

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49
Q

Ford’s “Better Idea”

A

Ford Doubled the salary of workers creating a ripple effect and the rest of the industries had to raise their salary, increasing the amount an average family could afford.

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50
Q

Airplane Industry

A

Wilburt & Orville Wright create plane in 1903 and the first airforce is obtained by 1914. First plane flown in Kitty Hawk, N.C. where the Wright brothers pushed plane onto Kill Devil Hill. Wilburt is the first man to fly.

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51
Q

Radio Industry

A

invented by Gugllelmo Marconi

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52
Q

BBC–MARCONI

A

British Boradcast Corp. Led to the ABC–American Broadcast Corp., NBC–National Broadcast Corp., and CBS–Columbia Broadcast System.

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53
Q

Motion Picture Industry

A

Thomas Alva Edison invented the motion pic. camera and projector for silent movies.first movie was in 1903–The great train robbery, and then in 1914 the birth of a nation was the first modern drama lenght moviemovie theathers were named nickleodiun, after they charged a nickle to enter the cinema. Hollywood was the center of the movie industry since they needed bright sunlight, wider veriety of scenery in area

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54
Q

Stars

A

Mary Pickfor–“America’s sweetheart”Charlie Chaplin–leading comedianRudolph Valentino–Leading male artist

55
Q

Thomas Alva Edison

A

Patentent over 1K inventions, sold nespaper first, then became telehaphist then had lab set up at menlo park, njmost popular for the Lighbulb, motion picture camera and projector, recordplayer, electric volt counting machine, mimeograph–zerox machine replaced thisstock/ticker/tape machine

56
Q

Gilded Age

A

Life:1. conspicuous consumption2. monopolies3. price fixing4. long hour & low wages5. child labor6. unsafe working condition7. migrant in huge numbers8. assembly line work9. no inspector in meat industry10. corrupt politicians11. no social security12. social Darwinism

57
Q

Conspicous consumption of the gilded age

A

most wealthy lived in Manhattan and summer cottage in Newport, Mass.

58
Q

Monopolies

A

gained complte control over one industy

59
Q

Price Fixing

A

nota monopply, but only four or five co. fixed price to force people to pay

60
Q

Long Hours & Low Wages

A

60 hours 11 hours a day common hours but some asked for 14 hours or 16 hours$10 per week was standard, but lowes was up to $2 per week. Many employers actioned off job.

61
Q

Unsafe working conditions

A

gave rise to the OSHA–Occupational Safety Health Agency

62
Q

Migrants in huge numbers

A

Ellis Island main port of entry for immigratns

63
Q

No inspector in the meat industry

A

upton sinclari wrote the jublge telling of these atrocoties.

64
Q

Upton SInclair

A

Journalist who went undercover for many industries, but most famous for writing the Jungle on the meat industry

65
Q

Corrupt Politicians

A

no secret ballot

66
Q

“Social Darwinism”

A

Based on Charles Darwin’s book “Origin of Species” (1859) on survival of the fittest.

67
Q

Karl Marx

A

Founder of communism, and a German JewSuperb education, and very well traveled in Europe and noted abuses in labor. Dedicated to improve working conditions.Kicked out of Germany, Switzerland, France, and finally stayed in Britain. Famous quote at the end of the book “Communist Manifesto” was “Workers of the world unite”

68
Q

Fredirch Engels

A

Communist Manifesto(1848) written by Carl Marx and Engels

69
Q

Das Kapital (1867)

A

written by Marx only and shows the evils of capitalism and how communism can correct it.

70
Q

Marx basic idea of Communism

A

A. 1. Bourgeoisie–class that owns means of production. they won land, food, buisnesses, and factories. West was the upper Middle Class.2. Proletariat–the working class and the one that had most of the work on it’s shoulder, and the largest of the two.B. Conflict between the two classes is inevitable and can’t be stoppedC. Revolution is invitableD. Private ownership will end when the Proletariat revolt, and the community will take ownershipE. Communist must be atheists–“Religion is the opium of the People”F. Predicted communist revolution in:Britain, Germany, France, U.S.A.

71
Q

William McKinley

A

1896-1901, assassinated by anarchist

72
Q

Teddy Roosevelt

A

president from 1901-1908he had started off as the assistant sec. of the navy and he grows the navy, then vice presidetn then president and hand picks successor. He was aknicerbocke, came from wealthy family, Educated by private schools and tutors. weak poor vision, but at age 12 he became strong and could’ve become a boxer. he was an outstanding hourseman and an expert marksman and hunter. he was a strict conservative of wildlife. studied history at harvard, no need to work, commisions and board and became N.Y.C. commision of police. Resigned from navy and began volunteer army organization during spanish–american war and became famous and him as their leader. represented by bull moose and by the teddy bear. vice president after war. president after mckinly was killed.”The United States should speak softly and carry a big stick” “As long as America has a big army we will get our way” “In latin America the U.S. will sometimes have to act as a policing power”

73
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

1912-1920

74
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

Made monopolies illegal in America

75
Q

Interstate commerce Act

A

Regulate Business that runs from state to state

76
Q

Department of Agriculture established

A

imrpve farming conditions, manage american forests

77
Q

Meat inspection act

A

carcass must be inspected for safety

78
Q

purefood &drugh act passed

A

foods have to be inspected, and drugs must be inspected

79
Q

co-ups formed

A

farm coperates build silos for stroage to stop spoil and increase revenue from crops

80
Q

Unision form

A

The government garanteed workers “right to strike”

81
Q

Dept. of Labor

A

created to help workers have a safe working environement. worked for 8hr. work day, 40 hrs. per week. regulation of child labor

82
Q

Conservation

A

National Parks Fish & Wildlife Service, and the dept. of the entiror is under this also

83
Q

Income Tax

A

Flat Tax where everyone has to pay the same rate. or the graduated income tax, wehre the rich have to pay more and the poor less.

84
Q

19th Ammendment

A

women’s suffrage

85
Q

The Commision & Board System

A

established in 1920 and city commision and board wa paid nothing sot hey wouldn’t go into politics for money

86
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalist who would like to get rid of all the waste in society

87
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Standard Oil book that told about their injustices

88
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

The jungle and it’s corruption

89
Q

Frank Norris

A

Octopus–About the RR and how it was an octopus

90
Q

Why did the U.S. want an empire

A
  1. continue moving west2. producing far more food than was needed and wanted to sell it to someone3. producing more goods than eeded4. Alfred Thayer Mahan–influence of sea power upon history, Big navy yields big empire5. Social Darwinism–Big Succesful countries take over small ones6. White Man’s burden–White race is superiro to all others so they must civilize the savage and inferior races
91
Q

Spanish american war of 1898

A

“Splendid Little War”Began with troubles in Cuba, when the Cuban people began a rebellion against Spain.U.S.S. Maine was anchored at Havana, Cuba and it sank because of an explosion, which made the U.S. go to war with Spain as it blamed Spain.1st battle at Manila Bay, and we took over the Philipines.2nd battle takes plane in Cuba as we sink all of the Spanish Atlantic fleet, and the Army at Tampa bay is sent to Santiago, Cuba.

92
Q

Battle of El Caney & San Juan Hill

A

These two battles take place in Cuba and are the two major battles of the Spanish American War of 1898

93
Q

Treaty of Paris (1898)

A

Ends the Spanish American war of 1898U.S. gave Cuba independence from Spain, but kept Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

94
Q

Alaska

A

Bought from Russia in 1867

95
Q

Hawaii

A

First interested the U.S. as a whailing center. Next christian missionaries move in, and then are followed by planters that arrived to build sugar and pinapple plantations. Finally, the United States wanted Pearl Harbor to build a naval base. Finally in 1898 Hawaii is taken from Queen LILIUOKALANI, after she led a rebellion in an attempt to expel the american landowners.

96
Q

American Samoa

A

Nearly went to war with Germany for this territory as both of us arrived at the same time for the island’s, but we gave Germany the larger ones, and we ketp the two small ones. However, the U.S. got Pago-Pago, the best harbor of the two islands, and we keep a naval base there today

97
Q

The Panama Canal

A

It was a “transhipment point” where the ships would dock at one beach of the panama, then they would unload the shipment and move it on land to the other beach. Then the cargo would be loaded onto a new ship that would finish the route to the West. Built from 1904-1914. The Panama Canal was owend by the united states from 1914-2000 when it was returned to Panama, but it will be directed by the U.S. in time of war.

98
Q

Suez Canal

A

The Suez Canal was built by France in 1869

99
Q

Ferdinand Lesseps

A

Engineer for the Suez Canal, and tried building the Panama Canal. The workers were dying of Malaria, and Yellow Fever as it was transmitted by Mosquitos. So he gave up.

100
Q

Locations looked at by the United States

A

Isthmus of the Tehuantepec, but there was a revolution in Mexico at the time.Nicaragua was considered, but there was a volcanic eruption near the region that was going to be the canal.Finally Panama, was the final option and it was the best suited option at the time.

101
Q

Difficulty of the Ocean

A

“Lock” had to be created to be able to fix the diff. level of the oceans. The Pacific Ocean is -200 ft., while the Atlantic Ocean was higher.

102
Q

Health problems in the Panama Canal

A

Malaria and Yellow Fever were causing many deaths. Hover, Walter Reed & William Gorgas helped to solve this problem. William Gorgas was the chief sanitiation officer of the Panama Canal

103
Q

Roosevelt Roads Naval Base

A

Naval Base located at Puerto Rico

104
Q

U.S. Virgin Islands

A

Bought from Denmark in 1917

105
Q

Benefits of the Panama Canal

A

Improved World TradeImproved America’s strategic positionBrought a lot of money to the U.S.

106
Q

Panamax Standard & Malaccamax

A

The standard has been changed to fit the lenght of the Panama Canal locks and the depth of the Malacca. 999ft long and 44ft. deep.

107
Q

Importance of WWI

A
  1. First “Total War”–Means that everyone in the country is affected by the war and helps to the cause of the war. Also, nation prove that they will resort to immoral means to win like: Flamethrower, bombing of cities, poison gas, genocide(killing off another nationality) with Turkey trying to kill of the Armenians.2. Collapse of four great empires: Russian, German, Austrian, Ottoman/Turkish3. First successful communist revolution as Russia collapsed and lead to Russian rev. by Vladimir Lenin4. Democratic Nation were triumphant: France, Britain, U.S.5. Common man will demand and get better treatment6. Women enter work force in large numbers7. increased pessimism: most people of the western world believed things always got better, and better, but after war they changed to a roller coaster ride type of history, meaning that history always repeats itself.8. WWI leads to WWII
108
Q

Marshall Ferdinand Foch

A

“This is not peace, this is a truce for 20 years” he said. He was the leader of the Allied troops, and was a french general. He based his prediction on the fact that every 20 years a new generation is born, so the nations of the world have a new army at hands.

109
Q

Causes of WWI

A
  1. Rise of Germany as a world powerGermany became a united nation in 1871, as it was a collection of city states and kingdoms before they were united. Everyone feard Kaiser Wilhelm II, the emperor of Germany. He had a baby arm because of complication at birth. Finally, he was believed to be very aggressive because of this feature.2. European Alliance SystemThere was the Triple Alliance (“The Central Power”) composed of Germany, Austria, and Italy. These were all Autocratic Monarchies.Triple Entente was made up of France, Britain, and Russia.3. MilitarismGermany and France had largest army of Europe. It was made up of Germany: 2M in the Standard Army, and 9M after calling up the Reserve army. France: 1.3M in the Standard Army, 8M after calling the Reserve Army.4. Naval Race”Two Power” standard for the British, which meant in the British Navy always had largest navy after combining the previous two navies.5. Imperialism:Social Darwinism–Countries take over weak small countries. Cape to Cairo Railroad, and Berlin to Baghdad railroad. Trouble in the Balkans “Powder keg of Europe”6. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
110
Q

WWI War Plan

A

France had Plan 17: Plan 1-16 hadn’t worked only Plan 17. This plan only worked by getting all of the soldiers together and march to Berlin, and then defeat German Army on the way.Germany: Schlieffen Plannook out France in 40 days then take Russia down. 16,400 trains to take food 1 train for every 3 min.

111
Q

Battle of Mons

A

“Angels of Mons” The first battle of the WWI and was the largest mass citing of Angels that caused the seize fire.

112
Q

Battle of “The Miracle of the Marne”

A

35th day of the war and was nicknamed the “Taxicab”. Taxi cabs of Paris would carry the soldiers a couple of miles outside of the city to the main battle site. Italy switched sides after this battle.

113
Q

Trench Warfare

A

Trench built 8ft. deep, and was built from Switzerland to the sea, with a complex of labyrinth of trenches.

114
Q

Battle of the Somme

A

British lost 240K men

115
Q

Battle of Verdun

A

Greatest Battle in history. German Attempt to break french line, each lost half a million men.

116
Q

Fighting in the East

A

Russia is a small industrial nation and they cant give guns to soldiers. In 1917 Russia had lost 10M soldiers in the war, leading to the communist revolution led by Lennin.

117
Q

Communist Revolution

A

Lennin takes Russia out of war, and kills Czar Nicholas II, Czarinia Alexandra, and the Heir Czarovitch Alexi, along with the other members of the Family

118
Q

Czar Nicholas II

A

Was the leder of the Russian Nation before the Communist revolution

119
Q

Fighting in the Middle East

A

T.E. Lawrance “Lawrance of Arabia” led a rebellion on the Turkish Empire

120
Q

British Blackade of Central Powers

A

Adriatic Sea Blocked for Austrian EmpireEnglish Channel Blocked for Germany, and the North-sea mine barrage was created to help block the North-Sea that was really wide.

121
Q

German Navy

A

U-Boats named after unterzeeboot. Was the main ship against the rest of the world. Finally, the German navy refused to fight the British and American navies.

122
Q

U.S. Goes to War

A

April 1917 U.S. declares war.1. U.S. lends money to France and England so it can’t afford for them to loose the war, or the U.S. Economy crashes2. Britain controlled all news of war that the U.S. recieved so they censored it to boost the U.S. reasons for war.3. Feb. 1917, Germany began unrestricted Sub. warfare5. “Zimmerman Telegram”Sent from German foreign minister Zimmerman asking Mexico to declare war on the U.S.

123
Q

U.S. Prepares for War

A
  1. Raise an Army:80K army men17 air planesSlective Service Act (Draft)Draft Men between age of 18-45, singe, and at non essential jobs to impact American society the least.2. U.S. navy is sent to Europe to help with the blockade and they use “Convoy Duty”. Only 1 U.S. transport was sunk over the course of the war.
124
Q

AEF

A

American Expeditionary ForceSent to France with 2M people in the Unit and was led by Gen. John Blackjack Pershing. They had no equipment.

125
Q

Participation of the U.S. in Europe

A

Battle of the Meuse–Argonne Forest1.2M Americans and Marines in war pushed german bak more than 30 miles 120K casualties, the most costly war in U.S. British Tank invented by it’s navy

126
Q

End of the War

A
  1. Sept. 1918–Bulgaria Surrenders2. Oct. 1918–Ottaman Empire Surrenders3. Nov. 1918–Austrian Empire Surrenders4. Nov. 1918–Problems in GermanyRiots in German CitiesArmy units almost commit mutinyKheize Wilhelm II flees to Netherlands”Armstice” reached Nov. 11, 11:00 AM
127
Q

Mobolizing Industry for War

A

War Industries BoardRun american war-time economyRan by Bernard Baruch, the second most famous and powerful man after the president

128
Q

Conserving Food

A

U.S. Food AdministrationRan by Herbet Hooverasked for meatless & wheatless day to ration food.

129
Q

Raising Money

A

Income Taxes were increased to fund warLuxury and Entertainment taxes were imposed

130
Q

18th Ammendment

A

Banned consumption and production of alcohol in the U.S. passed in 1918 and go into effect 1919.

131
Q

Espionage and Sedition Acts

A

Espionage:attempting to stop spies and saboteurs from GermanySedition Act:Didn’t let anyone speak badly about the President and the war in Europe or the draft

132
Q

Mobolizing Public Opinion

A

Increase public opinion on the war

133
Q

Edwin Drake

A

Leader of the first oil rig

134
Q

Micheal Farraday

A

Founded how to make electricity

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