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School > Final Review for Child Pyschology > Flashcards

Final Review for Child Pyschology Flashcards

1
Q

weight and height of averge american boy

A

45.5 tall & 45lbs

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2
Q

averge american boy at age 10; height and weight:

A

54 tall and weigh about 70lbs

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3
Q

are boys and girls about the same at around the age of 10?

A

yes

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4
Q

permanent teeth

A

the second set of teeth that children get, beginniing at about 6 or 7 years of age; sometimes called “adult teeth”

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5
Q

do myelination and lateralization continue during middle childhood?

A

yes

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6
Q

does the corpus collosum continue to grow?

A

yes

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7
Q

how much does the elementary child sleep?

A

8 to 11 hours per night, children need about 8 hours of sleep

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8
Q

% of american children under age 12 who were classified as hungry or at risk for hunger?

A

8% and 21%, respectively

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9
Q

is hunger a problem in children?

A

for those in low income classes, it is a huge problem

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10
Q

% of children who are over weight today?

A

15% of children are over weight today

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11
Q

% of children from 2K that will be diagnosed with diabetes?

A

30 to 40%

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12
Q

diabetes is more common in what social class?

A

Low income class

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13
Q

what group of children are more likley to be overweight:

A

low income class, parents are overweight, parents have a diet high in fat, parents live a sedentary lifestyle

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14
Q

what ethnicity is more likely to be overweight

A

african american and latino children

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15
Q

% of mexican american children overweigh

A

23%

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16
Q

% of africa american children overweigh

A

22%

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17
Q

non-hispanic white

A

18%

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18
Q

% of children who knew that they should lead a healthy diet?

A

86% of children age 6to 12

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19
Q

how many servings of fruit or vegetables per day did children eat?

A

50% of children

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20
Q

what is the most common chronic disease of childhood

A

dental caries

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21
Q

what illness causes children to miss more school than any other?

A

asthma

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22
Q

what other chronic disease has been affecting children?

A

diabetes

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23
Q

what are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A

being overweight, having diabetic family members, gender and ancestry, girls are more likely than boys to be affects, type 2 momre comon among memebrs of ethnic and racial minority groups, Native American children particularly vulnerable

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24
Q

% of latinos who make up the 5 to 13 years of American children

A

17% of children

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25
Q

% of African Americans

A

16%

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26
Q

% of Asian Americans

A

3%

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27
Q

what ethnicity is more likely to be diagnosed with athma, diabetes, and obestiy

A

Latino children

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28
Q

what is the most common cause of fatal injury to school-age children in the United States?

A

motor vehicle injury

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29
Q

% of children who die from motor vehicle injuries?

A

35% of fatal unintended injuries to 5 to 9 year olds

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30
Q

% of 4 to 8 year olds who were properly restrained while riding in cars?

A

16% of children

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31
Q

% of motor vehicle injuries are pedestrians?

A

25% of children were pedestrians

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32
Q

who is more likley to have injuries or to die in vehiclar accidents?

A

boys, especially children from low income homes, without safe play spaces

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33
Q

what is the leadingcause of death and disablility in bicylcle crashes

A

head injuries, and these can be reduced if a helmet is worn

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34
Q

American Academy of Pediatricians (AAP) recommends what for those who ride bikes and scooters?

A

children younger than 8 should not ride scooters and that children younger than 10 years of age should not ride skateboards without close adult supervision

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35
Q

what is the most common playground injury?

A

occurs at school and invovle falls from climbing structures or swings

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36
Q

what prctice done by most school-age children cause some form of back injuries?

A

backpacks to transport books, lunches, and other items between home and school

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37
Q

weight that children should carry?

A

to avoid back and sholder pain, pediatricians recommend that children carry no more than 10% to 20% of their body weights

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38
Q

what causes injury from this type of practice?

A

when children trip over or are hit by a backpack

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39
Q

what is the most comon place of hurt from this practice?

A

hear or face, hands, and wrist or elbow

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40
Q

what is the age at which children are most active when compared to any other age group?

A

between 7 to 9 years of age

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41
Q

% of children who are enrolled in a sport or club or other kind of extraccuricular activity?

A

45% in sports, 39% in clubs, 24% enrolled in some kind of lesson

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42
Q

what practice tends to lead to overweight?

A

children who see a lot of tv

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43
Q

what was the TV-Turnoff curriculum?

A

teach 3rd and 4th graders for 18 one hour lessons where children were first taught to monitor and record their use of television videotape and video games, next children were challenged totry a 10 day tv turnoff period, during which they pledged not to twatch television or videotapes, or play video games at all. the program was impleemented in two school.

44
Q

was tv turnoff sucessful?

A

yes it was very successful

45
Q

Learning disabilities

A

are a cluster of problems in learning that are identified more often among boys than girls and are identified in 5% to 6% of elementary school children overall.

46
Q

What is them most common difficulty?

A

dyslexia

47
Q

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

A

adhd is a behavior disorder that involves ongoing inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity in multiple settings and more often than is typical.

48
Q

class inclusion

A

in Piaget’s theory, the knowledge that a subordinate class (for example, red balls) must always be smaller than larger class to which it belongs (for example, balls)

49
Q

selective attention

A

the ability to concentrate on specific stimuli without being distracted by competing stimuli

50
Q

short-term memory

A

temporary storage of information for immediate recall

51
Q

memory span

A

the number of items, such as numerical digits, that a person can hold in short-term memory

52
Q

digit span

A

the number of digits that person can keep in hsort-term memory; a form of memory span

53
Q

memory strategy

A

an activity intended to imporve memory performance

54
Q

rehearsal

A

a memory strategy that involves repeating over and over agin the infomration that needs to be remembered

55
Q

organizational strategies

A

in memory taks, strategies that involve putting the material to be remembered into an orderly framework

56
Q

elaboration

A

the strategy of creating a relationship or meaning between two objects in order to help remember an associaiton between them

57
Q

metamemory

A

knowledge about memory itself, including aweraness of ones own memory skills

58
Q

mental age

A

level of cogntivie functioning measured by the number of items answered correctly on an intelligence test; once used together with chornological age to calculate IQ

59
Q

standard deviation

A

a statistical measure of spread or distribution of data around a mean

60
Q

triarchic theory of intelligence

A

sternber’s theory of intelligence, which holds that intelligence has three main components: practical, creative, and analytical

61
Q

practial intelligence

A

in sternberg’s triarchich theory of intelligecne, the extent to which we are able to accomplish our aims in the context of different environments

62
Q

creative intelligence

A

in sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, the ability to invent or create solutions to novel problems

63
Q

analytical intelligence

A

in sternberg’s triarchich theory of intelligence, the component of intelligence made up of many information processing skills, such as computational ability

64
Q

thery of multiple intelligences

A

gardner’s theory proposing that intelligence is not a single unitary pehnomenon but a collection of many different kinds of abilities, such as musical, linguistic, mathermatical, and scientific

65
Q

pragmatic skills

A

the ability to use language to achive varied aims (for instance, to persuade in differnet circumstances)

66
Q

whole language approach

A

an approach to reading instruction that involves exposure to complex texts from the beginning and encouages children to develop automatic recognition of whole words

67
Q

basic skills approach

A

an approach to reading instruction that invovles heavy emphasis on connections between sounds, letters, and words

68
Q

English as a Second Language (ESL)

A

an approach to teaching a new language to children that involves instruction only in the new language

69
Q

bilingual education approach

A

an approach to teaching children a new language that involves instruction in both the first and second languages

70
Q

additive bilingualsm

A

a type of bilingualims in which people add fluency in a new language to their already established fluency in their first language

71
Q

limited Englaish proficiency (LEP)

A

less-than-fluent grasp of English by many non-nativ3 speakers of the language

72
Q

achievement gap

A

the difference in academic scores between children from middle- and low-income homes

73
Q

coregulation

A

process of parent and child jointly planning and regulating the child’s behavior

74
Q

minimal parenting

A

a mode of parenting that involves rduced monitoring and guidance, often used when parents are under stress

75
Q

divorce mediation

A

process of negotiating terms of marital speriation, child custody, and visitation rights with a trained mediator

76
Q

Gender Segregation

A

the tendency of boys to want to play exclusively with other boys and girls to wanto play with other girls; this peaks during middle childhood

77
Q

two culture theory

A

thorne and Maccoby’s theory that gender segragation is sufficiently ocmpleted during middle childhood that is as though boys and gilrs live in two differnet cultuers

78
Q

sociometric methods

A

quantitiative methods for assessing the qualities of differnet children’s peer status within a defined group, such as a classsroom

79
Q

sociometrically popular

A

a status in which children receive many postivie nominations (for liking) and few negative nominatons (for disliking) from members of a peer group

80
Q

sociometrically contriversial

A

a status in which children receive many positive nominatinos and many negative nominatons from members of a peer group

81
Q

sociometrically rejected

A

a status in which children receive few positive nominations and many negative nominations from members of a the peer group

82
Q

sociametrically neglected

A

a stuts in which children receive few positive and few negative nominations from members of a peer group; often true of children who are new to a school

83
Q

sociametrically average

A

a status in which children revie typical memebrs of positive and negative nomantions from members of a peer group

84
Q

bully-victim

A

a child whith characteriscs of both bully and victim; most are at serious risk for social and emotional problems

85
Q

school refusal

A

a syndrome in which children feel anxious, expericen physical symtoms, nd refuse to attend school, usually in response to a streessful event such as the death of a parent

86
Q

hostile attribution biases

A

ways of understanding other people’s behavior that interpret even netural behavior as hostile

87
Q

when does piaget’s theory start around?

A

begins at around 10, and starts to play a role at around 12 years of age

88
Q

limitation to corcrete operation thought

A

there is no abstract thought, only have what you can touch, see.

89
Q

what age did piaget says that children began to have concrete operation thought?

A

started at around the age of 12

90
Q

can children at this age group add numbers in their heads?

A

yes, and they are able to do it well

91
Q

they are able to do this why?

A

they have become more well practiced, and their brain has matured to be able to do this

92
Q

does iq play a role?

A

yes it does, thoe more iq the better they do

93
Q

does the more you can remember is it better for iq?

A

yes

94
Q

flynn effect

A

called after james flynn, the upward trend in iq scores of many different children over time

95
Q

how much how the scores been going up for a while?

A

they have been going up about 6 points, but now seem to have leveled off and may now be going back down

96
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

nature predisposes your intelligence, natrue determines if you will keep your iq, or will lose it

97
Q

low income vs. high income

A

low income have lower iq, but this is mostly because they do not have very stimulating things in the environment that you can find in middle class, but you can be poor and still have this for your kids

98
Q

what type of school works best according to Sternberg’s triarchich theory of intelligence?

A

monosory school

99
Q

Gardner came up with what type of intelligence:

A

music, language, numbers, visual arts, movement, science, social

100
Q

how long will it take you to learn a new language and be fluent in it?

A

3 years

101
Q

what if you are around both from the time that you are very young

A

then you will take less time

102
Q

are children as they age able to acquire more self concepts

A

yes

103
Q

who has the highest self-esteem?

A

those who have a good relationship with their parents

104
Q

global self-esteem

A

invovles the feeling that one is or is not a good persoin with a worthwhile life

105
Q

ethnic constance

A

children at around this age are able to integrate race and ethnicity into their self-concepts

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