Test 1 - last minute things to review.

Question 1

Application of Patient care - 7 steps

Answer 1

1. Pre-administration.
2. Dosage and Administration
3. Evaluating and Promoting Therapeutic Effects
4. Minimizing Adverse Effects.
5. Minimizing Adverse Reactions.
6. PRN Decision.
7. Patient Education

Question 2

5 Steps of the Nursing Process

Answer 2

1. Assessment
2. Analysis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation

Question 3

Pre-clinical testing - time period

Answer 3

1-5 years.

Question 4

Phase 1

Answer 4

Effects on humans, drug metabolism.

Question 5

Phase 2-3

Answer 5

Dosing, dosage ranges, therapeutic effects - 3-6 months.

Question 6

Phase 4

Answer 6

once on market.

Question 7

Factors affecting absorption are…

Answer 7

rate of dissolution, surface area, blood flow, lipid solubility, ph Partitioning, etc.

Question 8

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 8

study of what drug does to the body and how the drug does it.

Question 9

Dose-response - Phase 1-3

Answer 9

Phase 1 - Barely measurable.
Phase 2 - increase in doses elicits increase in response.
Phase 3 - elicits toxicity (possibly.)

Question 10

Relative Potency

Answer 10

Refers to the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect.

Question 11

Where may the receptors be found?

Answer 11

On the cell membrane, in the cell membrane, on inner surface of membrane, in cytoplasm, in nucleus.

Question 12

Receptor Families (4)

Answer 12

Cell membrane embedded enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, g-protein coupled receptor, transcription factors.

Question 13

Cell membrane embedded enzymes

Answer 13

Span full width of membrane. Response within seconds.

Question 14

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer 14

span membrane. Extremely fast response.

Question 15

G-protein coupled receptor systems.

Answer 15

Response rapid - serotonin, histamine, etc.

Question 16

Transcription factors

Answer 16

Found with the cell rather than on the surface - delayed response.

Question 17

Simple occupancy theory

Answer 17

intensity of response to a drug is proportional to the number of receptors occupied by that drug

Question 18

Modified occupancy theory

Answer 18

Affinity Binding and Intrinsic Binding

Question 19

Non-competitive __ and competitive __

Answer 19

Antagonist

Question 20

Non-competitive agonists are reversible —T/F?

Answer 20

FALSE. They are irreversible. Think about the godfather - Non-competitive is like the mob. It just does its job and there’s no turning back.

Question 21

Partial Agonists

Answer 21

moderate intrinsic activity and therefore the maximal effect that a partial agonist can produce is lower than that of a full agonist.

Question 22

Agonist - __ affinity and __ intrinsic value

Answer 22

HIGH/HIGH

Question 23

Antagonist - __ affinity and __ intrinsic

Answer 23

HIGH/NONE.

Question 24

Four mechanisms of drug-drug interactions.

Answer 24

Direct chemical or physical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, combined toxicity.