Pharmacology - Chapter 28 - Opioid/Narcotic Analgesics Flashcards
Analgesic relieves pain without _____..
loss of consciousness.
Opiate - derived from….
opium, like morphine or codeine.
Opioid - drug similar to…
morphine - like oxycotin, vicodin.
Narcotic - analgesic, CNS depressant, and any drug capable of causing _____ ___.
Physical dependance.
Tho body has three families of peptides that have opioid like properties, which are ___.
Enkephalins, Endorphins, and Dynorphins.
Opioid peptides serve as (3)
Neuotransmitters, Neurohormones (vasopressin/ADH), Neuromodulators (found in CNS and peripheral tissues.)
What are the 3 classes of opioid receptors?
Mu, Kappa, Delta (M looks like a weird M, Kappa is a K, and Delta looks like an O with long hair.)
Endogenous opioid peptides act through ____ types of receptors while opioid analgesics act primarily through ___ receptors.
all 3/mu receptors.
Mu receptors, when activated, cause….(4)
Analgesia, Respiratory depression, euphoria and sedation, and physical dependance and Gi motility.
Kappa receptors - cause..(3)
Analgesia, Sedation, and Decreased GI motility.
Drugs at opioid receptors can act in one of three ways…
Agonist (activate Mu and Kappa receptors), Partial Agonist (low to moderate activation), and Antagonists (Block mu and Kappa receptors.)
Morphine - comes from the seed pod of the…
Poppy plant!
Morphine - is an opioid ___.
Analgesic.
Morphine has a few adverse effects, which are ___ depression and ___ retention.
Respiratory/Urinary.
What are the therapeutic uses for Morphine?
Cancer pain, post-op pain, pain associated with labor and delivery.
Morphine can be administered … (5)
IV/IM/SC/Epidural/Intra-Thecal
Morhpine binds to ____ receptors.
Mu! M for Morphine.
Morphine is very lipid soluble. T/F?
False - it is not very lipid soluble!
Opioid Overdose - what can happen?
Coma, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils.
What are the treatment options for opioid overdose?
Ventilator support and an opioid antagonist, like Naloxone or Nalmefene.
Compared to pure agonist, agonist-antagonist produce ___ respiratory depression and have ___ analgesic effects.
Less/less. Like Pentazocine.
What are the principle uses of an opioid antagonist?
Treatment of opioid overdose, reversal of opioid effects, management of opioid addiction.