Pharmacology - Chapter 28 - Opioid/Narcotic Analgesics

Question 1

Analgesic relieves pain without _____..

Answer 1

loss of consciousness.

Question 2

Opiate - derived from….

Answer 2

opium, like morphine or codeine.

Question 3

Opioid - drug similar to…

Answer 3

morphine - like oxycotin, vicodin.

Question 4

Narcotic - analgesic, CNS depressant, and any drug capable of causing _____ ___.

Answer 4

Physical dependance.

Question 5

Tho body has three families of peptides that have opioid like properties, which are ___.

Answer 5

Enkephalins, Endorphins, and Dynorphins.

Question 6

Opioid peptides serve as (3)

Answer 6

Neuotransmitters, Neurohormones (vasopressin/ADH), Neuromodulators (found in CNS and peripheral tissues.)

Question 7

What are the 3 classes of opioid receptors?

Answer 7

Mu, Kappa, Delta (M looks like a weird M, Kappa is a K, and Delta looks like an O with long hair.)

Question 8

Endogenous opioid peptides act through ____ types of receptors while opioid analgesics act primarily through ___ receptors.

Answer 8

all 3/mu receptors.

Question 9

Mu receptors, when activated, cause….(4)

Answer 9

Analgesia, Respiratory depression, euphoria and sedation, and physical dependance and Gi motility.

Question 10

Kappa receptors - cause..(3)

Answer 10

Analgesia, Sedation, and Decreased GI motility.

Question 11

Drugs at opioid receptors can act in one of three ways…

Answer 11

Agonist (activate Mu and Kappa receptors), Partial Agonist (low to moderate activation), and Antagonists (Block mu and Kappa receptors.)

Question 12

Morphine - comes from the seed pod of the…

Answer 12

Poppy plant!

Question 13

Morphine - is an opioid ___.

Answer 13

Analgesic.

Question 14

Morphine has a few adverse effects, which are ___ depression and ___ retention.

Answer 14

Respiratory/Urinary.

Question 15

What are the therapeutic uses for Morphine?

Answer 15

Cancer pain, post-op pain, pain associated with labor and delivery.

Question 16

Morphine can be administered … (5)

Answer 16

IV/IM/SC/Epidural/Intra-Thecal

Question 17

Morhpine binds to ____ receptors.

Answer 17

Mu! M for Morphine.

Question 18

Morphine is very lipid soluble. T/F?

Answer 18

False - it is not very lipid soluble!

Question 19

Opioid Overdose - what can happen?

Answer 19

Coma, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils.

Question 20

What are the treatment options for opioid overdose?

Answer 20

Ventilator support and an opioid antagonist, like Naloxone or Nalmefene.

Question 21

Compared to pure agonist, agonist-antagonist produce ___ respiratory depression and have ___ analgesic effects.

Answer 21

Less/less. Like Pentazocine.

Question 22

What are the principle uses of an opioid antagonist?

Answer 22

Treatment of opioid overdose, reversal of opioid effects, management of opioid addiction.