Pharmacology - Chapters 66-67 - Review of Immunology, Vaccinations & Immunization.

Question 1

The Immune System is a ___ mechanism of the body characterized by the recognition of non-self in the protection of the body from microorganisms and other harmful substances.

Answer 1

Defense Mechanism.

Question 2

What are the two basic components of immunity?

Answer 2

Natural/Innate Immunity (non-specific) and Acquired Immunity (specific).

Question 3

Natural/Innate immunity involes…..

Answer 3

Intact skin, mucus, gastric acid, antimicrobial substances, fever, nautral killer cells, and inflammatory responses.

Question 4

Interferons inhibit replication of ____.

Answer 4

Viruses.

Question 5

Interferons - inhibit the growth of some….

Answer 5

microbes and enhance the repair of damaged tissues.

Question 6

Acquired Immunity - activated in response to…

Answer 6

specific stimuli (foreign antigens.)

Question 7

Acquired Immunity consists of two protective responses -

Answer 7

Humoral Response (B Cells) and Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell.)

Question 8

Humoral Response (B Cells) include… (2)

Answer 8

Plasma cells and Memory Cells.

Question 9

Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell) includes… (3)

Answer 9

T cytotoxic cells (Tc), T helper cells (Th), T Suppressor cells (Ts).

Question 10

Antibodies - aka…

Answer 10

Immunoglobulin.

Question 11

Perforin - secretions by certain T- cells that kill….

Answer 11

invaders by punching holes in their membranes.

Question 12

Macrophage - def

Answer 12

a phagocytic cell derived from blood monocytes.

Question 13

B Cell - def

Answer 13

a lymphocyte that plays a key role in humoral immunity.

Question 14

Helper T-Cell - def

Answer 14

master switch of the immune system.

Question 15

Killer T Cell - def

Answer 15

A lymphocyte that directly destroys infected body cells. Plays a key role in cell mediated immunity.

Question 16

Suppressor T-Cell - def

Answer 16

a lymphocyte that has a regulatory functions.

Question 17

Memory Cells - def

Answer 17

B-Cells & T-Cells that are produced but not used in a first immune response.

Question 18

What are the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins?

Answer 18

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.

Question 19

IgA - def - located in __ and other ___ - __ line of defense.

Answer 19

located in mucus and other secretions - 1st line of defense against pathogens entering the body.

Question 20

IgD - def - located on the ___ of mature ___ ___. Serves as a receptor of…

Answer 20

located on the surface of mature B Cells - serves as receptor of antigen recognition.

Question 21

IgE - def - binds to ____ ____ - stimulates release of ___.

Answer 21

binds to mast cells - stimulates release of histamines.

Question 22

IgG - produced in response to …….. major antibody class…

Answer 22

Produced in response to antigen stimulations; major antibody class (the only antibody capable of crossing their placenta to give passive immunity to fetus.)

Question 23

Vaccine - def

Answer 23

Preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms, which causes the recipient’s immune system to manufacture antibodies against the microbe from which the vaccine was made.

Question 24

Killed/live vaccine - def

Answer 24

Killed vaccines are composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components.

Live/attenuated vaccines are composed of live microbes that have been weakened (considered completely avirulent.)

Question 25

Toxoid - def

Answer 25

Bacterial toxins that have been changed to a non-toxic form, which allows recipient’s immune system to produce anti-toxins.

Question 26

Immunization - def

Answer 26

production of both active and passive immunity.

Question 27

Active Immunity - def

Answer 27

develops in response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid - it is LONG lasting.

Question 28

Passive Immunity - develops in response to administration of preformed antibodies - immediate protection that does not last long. T/F??

Answer 28

True!

Question 29

Vaccination - def

Answer 29

Administration of vaccine or toxoid (production of ACTIVE immunity.)

Question 30

What is the purpose of pediatric immunization?

Answer 30

To protect against infectious diseases!

Question 31

What are some adverse effects of immunization?

Answer 31

Local reactions, fever, anaphylaxis, acute encephalopathy, poliomyelitis.