Pharmacology - Chapters 66-67 - Review of Immunology, Vaccinations & Immunization. Flashcards
The Immune System is a ___ mechanism of the body characterized by the recognition of non-self in the protection of the body from microorganisms and other harmful substances.
Defense Mechanism.
What are the two basic components of immunity?
Natural/Innate Immunity (non-specific) and Acquired Immunity (specific).
Natural/Innate immunity involes…..
Intact skin, mucus, gastric acid, antimicrobial substances, fever, nautral killer cells, and inflammatory responses.
Interferons inhibit replication of ____.
Viruses.
Interferons - inhibit the growth of some….
microbes and enhance the repair of damaged tissues.
Acquired Immunity - activated in response to…
specific stimuli (foreign antigens.)
Acquired Immunity consists of two protective responses -
Humoral Response (B Cells) and Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell.)
Humoral Response (B Cells) include… (2)
Plasma cells and Memory Cells.
Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell) includes… (3)
T cytotoxic cells (Tc), T helper cells (Th), T Suppressor cells (Ts).
Antibodies - aka…
Immunoglobulin.
Perforin - secretions by certain T- cells that kill….
invaders by punching holes in their membranes.
Macrophage - def
a phagocytic cell derived from blood monocytes.
B Cell - def
a lymphocyte that plays a key role in humoral immunity.
Helper T-Cell - def
master switch of the immune system.
Killer T Cell - def
A lymphocyte that directly destroys infected body cells. Plays a key role in cell mediated immunity.
Suppressor T-Cell - def
a lymphocyte that has a regulatory functions.
Memory Cells - def
B-Cells & T-Cells that are produced but not used in a first immune response.
What are the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins?
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
IgA - def - located in __ and other ___ - __ line of defense.
located in mucus and other secretions - 1st line of defense against pathogens entering the body.
IgD - def - located on the ___ of mature ___ ___. Serves as a receptor of…
located on the surface of mature B Cells - serves as receptor of antigen recognition.
IgE - def - binds to ____ ____ - stimulates release of ___.
binds to mast cells - stimulates release of histamines.
IgG - produced in response to …….. major antibody class…
Produced in response to antigen stimulations; major antibody class (the only antibody capable of crossing their placenta to give passive immunity to fetus.)
Vaccine - def
Preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms, which causes the recipient’s immune system to manufacture antibodies against the microbe from which the vaccine was made.
Killed/live vaccine - def
Killed vaccines are composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components.
Live/attenuated vaccines are composed of live microbes that have been weakened (considered completely avirulent.)
Toxoid - def
Bacterial toxins that have been changed to a non-toxic form, which allows recipient’s immune system to produce anti-toxins.
Immunization - def
production of both active and passive immunity.
Active Immunity - def
develops in response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid - it is LONG lasting.
Passive Immunity - develops in response to administration of preformed antibodies - immediate protection that does not last long. T/F??
True!
Vaccination - def
Administration of vaccine or toxoid (production of ACTIVE immunity.)
What is the purpose of pediatric immunization?
To protect against infectious diseases!
What are some adverse effects of immunization?
Local reactions, fever, anaphylaxis, acute encephalopathy, poliomyelitis.
