Pharmacology - Chapter 61 - Birth Control Flashcards
Birth Control - interferes with…
the reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to nidation (implantation of a fertilized ovum.)
Pharmacological methods of contraception include…
oral contraceptives, levonorgestrel implants, depot, intrauterine device, gossypol, etc.
Non-Pharmacological methods of contraception include…
Surgical sterilization, mechanical device, or abstinence during fertile times!
What are the two types of Oral Contraceptives?
Combination (which contain both estrogen and progestin) and Progestin-only OC’s.
What are the three types of Combination OC’s?
Monophasic (daily doses are constant), Biphasic (estrogen dose is constant - progestin dose increase in the 2nd half of the cycle), and Triphasic (progestin dosage changes in 3 different phases - estrogen dosage also changes.)
How do Oral Contraceptives work?
They inhibit ovulation or promote thickening of cervical mucus, or modify the endometrium.
What are some AE’s of Oral Contraceptives?
Thromboembolic disorders, Hypertension, Cancer, teratogenic effects (if taken during pregnancy), and Uterine Bleeding.
Drugs that induce synthesis of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, therefore accelerate __ ___.
OC Degradation.
What are some drugs that reduce the effects of OC’s? (5)
TB Drugs (Rifempin), HIV Drugs (Ritonavir), Drugs for Diabetes (Troglitazone), Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin), Antibiotics (Tetracycline, Ampicillin)
OC’s can decrease the effects of warfarin. T/F?
True!
OC’s can’t reduce the effects of insulin. T/F?
False - they can!
Theophylline (asthma) and Imipramine (Antidepressant) - the effects can be increased the OC’s - T/F?
True!
Progestin-only OC’s - aka ….
minipills.
Progestin only - they only contain…
Progestin.
Subdermal Levonorgestrel Implants (Norplant) - most effective or least effective?
Most effective!
Depot Shot - IM injection - safe and effective for..
3 months or more.
When the Depot shot is DCed, it requires ___ months for fertility.
12 months.
IUD - popular/not popular?
Not popular, because of problems with the string, bacterial infection, etc.
What are the two types of IUD’s?
The copper T 380 A (Paraguard) - stays for 10 years.
Intrauterine Progesterone Contraceptive System (Progestasert) = Replaced Annually.
Emergency Contraception - what are the two types?
ECP1 (Pills containing estrogen and progestin) and ECP 2 (pills containing progestin only.)
YUZPE Regiment - consists of two doses, which are…
1st dose within 72 hours of intercourse and 2nd dose 12 hours later.
ECP 2- Plan B - 2 doses, given…
1st within 72 hours of intercourse, 2nd at 12 hours later. This causes less nausea and vomiting.
ECP - Copper IUD - within _ days of intercourse.
5 days.
