Pharmacology - Chapter 51 - Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Drugs, and Thrombolytics

Question 1

Hemostasis - def

Answer 1

Process by which the bleeding is stopped.

Question 2

Hemostasis - Stage 1 - Formation of ….

Answer 2

platelet plug.

Question 3

Hemostasis - Stage 2 - ?

Answer 3

Coagulation.

Question 4

Hemostasis - Stage 1 - When platelets come in contact with ___ on surface of damaged blood vessels..Platelets adhere, become ___ and leads to platelet aggregation by building ___ ___…Plus is unstable without ____ reinforcement.

Answer 4

Collagen/activated/fibrinogen bridges/fibrin.

Question 5

Hemostasis - Stage 2 - Coagulation - production of…

Answer 5

fibrin that reinforces platelet plug.

Question 6

Intrinsic System - def

Answer 6

all necessary factors for clotting are present within the vascular system.

Question 7

Extrinsic System - def

Answer 7

thromboplastin, a factor, comes from outside the vascular system.

Question 8

Coagulation factors #, #, # and ___ require Vitamin __ for their synthesis.

Answer 8

7,9,10, Prothrombin, Vitamin K

Question 9

Inactivation of factors by ___ 3.

Answer 9

Antithrombin 3.

Question 10

Physiological removal of clot - done by ___.

Answer 10

Plasmin

Question 11

Plasmin - an enzyme that ____.

Answer 11

Digests fibrin meshwork.

Question 12

Thrombolytic Drugs - act by promoting conversion of ___ into ___.

Answer 12

Plasminogen into plasmin.

Question 13

What are the 4 Thrombolytic Drugs?

Answer 13

Streptokinase, Urokinase, Alteplase, and Antistreplase.

Question 14

Thrombosis - def

Answer 14

blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart.

Question 15

Arterial Thrombosis - def

Answer 15

begins with adhesion of platelets to the arterial wall.

Question 16

Venous Thrombosis - def

Answer 16

develop at sites of slow blood flow.

Question 17

Drugs used to treat thromboembolic disorders (3)

Answer 17

Antiplatelet Drugs (Aspirin, Tirofiban) Inhibit Platelet Aggregation.
Anticoagulations (heparin, warfarin) - disrupt coagulation cascade and suppress production of fibrin.
Thrombolytic Drugs - alteplase, streptokinase - promote lysis of fibrin and cause dissolution of thrombi.

Question 18

Anti-platelet drugs - what do they do?

Answer 18

Suppress platelet aggregation. Used to suppress formation of thrombosis in arteries (as opposed to heparin and warfarin which are used to treat thrombi in veins).

Question 19

What are the three major groups of antiplatelet drugs?

Answer 19

Aspirin (ASA), Ticlopidine (Ticlid), and Tirofiban (Aggrastat)

Question 20

Aspirin - inhibits…

Answer 20

Cyclooxygenase, an enzyme necessary for platelets to produce TxA2 thromboxane A2.

Question 21

Ticopidine - an ADP receptor ___.

Answer 21

antagonist.

Question 22

Tirofiban - Gp2b/3A receptor ___.

Answer 22

Antagonist.

Question 23

Heparin - a rapid-acting ____.

Answer 23

Anticoagulant.

Question 24

What is Heparin used for?

Answer 24

Pulmonary Embolism, Stroke, and vein thrombosis.

Question 25

What are the 3 adverse effects of Heparin?

Answer 25

Hemmorhage, Thrombocytopenia, Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Question 26

Warfarin - is an ___ anticoagulant.

Answer 26

Oral.

Question 27

Warfarin - suppressed coagulation by acting as an antagonist of ___ _ (blocks synthesis of __ _ by liver.)

Answer 27

Vitamin K.

Question 28

What is the use of Warfarin?

Answer 28

Prevents thrombosis formation.

Question 29

Adverse effects of Warfarin?

Answer 29

Hemmorhage

Question 30

Thrombolytic Drugs - Streptokinase - what does it do?

Answer 30

Given to remove thrombi that have already been formed. There is a serious risk of bleeding with these drugs.

Question 31

What is the use of Streptokinase?

Answer 31

MI, Deep vein thrombosis, massive pulmonary emboli.

Question 32

What are the AE's of Streptokinase?

Answer 32

Bleeding, Hypotension, and Fever.