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Pharmacology > Pharmacology - Nervous System Review > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Nervous System Review Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropharmacology - def

A

the study of drugs that alter processes controlled by the nervous system.

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2
Q

What are the two categories of neuropharmacological agents?

A

Peripheral Nervous System Drugs and Central Nervous System Drugs.

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3
Q

Neuropharmacologic drugs can…..(3)

A
  1. Mimic normal actions of body chemicals/neurtransmitters - agonist.
  2. Block normal actions of body chemicals/neurotransmitters - antagonist.
  3. Modify actions of all body systems - skeletal, cardiac muscle and output of blood, vascular tone, respiration, gastric function, uterine motility, glandular secretion, CNS function, etc.
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4
Q

What are the 3 major steps in neuron action?

A
  1. Conduction of action potential.
  2. Release of neurotransmitter from axon.
  3. Binding of transmitter molecules to receptors on post synaptic cell.
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5
Q

Neuron Function -

A

neuron, synpase, response organ.

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6
Q

reflex arc -

A

sensory neuron, synpase, CNS, synpase, motor neuron.

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7
Q

Response through brain -

A

sensory neuron, synpase, CNS spinal ganglia, brain, spinal ganlia, motor neuron.

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8
Q

The nervous system is the major __ (3.)

A

Controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body.

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9
Q

The Nervous System is the center of all ___ activites, like…

A

Mental - thought, learning, and memory.

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10
Q

Together with the endocrine system, the NS is responsible for…..

A

regulating and maintaing homeostasis.

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11
Q

NS Organs -

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, etc.

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12
Q

Tissues of the NS -

A

blood, connective tissues.

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13
Q

Integument -

A

influence secretions of glands in the skin and blood blow to skin.

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14
Q

Skeletal -

A

innervates bones and provides sensory information about joint movement and position.

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15
Q

Muscular -

A

coordinates skeletal muscle contractions; adjusts cardiac and respiratory muscles.

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16
Q

Endocrine -

A

regulates secretory activites of anterior pituitary and adrenal medulla.

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17
Q

Cardiovascular -

A

monitors and adjusts heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flows.

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18
Q

Immune/lymphatic -

A

innervates lymphoid organs and helps regulate the immune response.

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19
Q

Respiratory -

A

stimulates muscle contractions to create pressure for ventilation; regulates rate and epth of breathing.

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20
Q

Digestive -

A

control motility and glandular activity of the digestive tract.

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21
Q

Urinary -

A

control renal blood pressure and renal blood flow; regulates bladder emptying.

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22
Q

Reproductive -

A

regulates sex drive, arousal, and orgasm; stimulates the release of hormones, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and parturition.

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23
Q

Three general activites of the nervous system -

A

Sensory Functions, Integrative Functions, Motor Functions.

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24
Q

Sensory functions - def

A

sensory inputs, stimuli (out/inner)

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25
Q

Integrative functions - def

A

conversion of sensory inputs into electrical signals (nerve impulses) that are transmitted to the brain, to create sensation and such.

26
Q

Motor functions - def

A

signals in response to sensory input and integration.

27
Q

Muscles and glands are called…..

A

effectors! because they effect!

28
Q

The CNS is…

A

the brain and the spinal cord!

29
Q

The PNS includes…

A

nerves - the cranial nerves (12 pairs) and the spinal nerves (31 pairs) and the ganglia.

30
Q

The brain is composed of 3 parts -

A

the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the medulla oblongata.

31
Q

The cerebrum - def

A

seat of conscioussness. Coordinates sensory data and motor functions.

32
Q

The cerebellum - def

A

part of unconscious brain. Functions for muscle coordination and maintains normal muscle tone and posture; coordinates balance.

33
Q

the medulla oblongata - def

A

regulates heartbeat, breathing, vasoconstriction and reflex centers - vomitting, hiccuping, etc.

34
Q

The PNS contains only….

A

nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

35
Q

Afferent - transmits impulses…

A

transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS.

36
Q

Efferent - transmits impulses…

A

transmits impulses from the CNs out to the Peripheral organs to cause an effect or action.

37
Q

Efferent has two divisions, which are…

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

38
Q

Somatic Nervous System -

A

supplies motor impulses to skeletal muscles. Aka voluntary nervous system.

39
Q

Autonomic nervous sytem -

A

Supplies motor impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glandular epithelium. Involuntary system. Breaks down into Sympathetic/Parapsympathetic.

40
Q

Sympathetic NS -

A

increases enregy expenditure - fight or flight.

41
Q

Parasympathetic -

A

brings things down to earth.

42
Q

There are only __ types of cells in the nervous system, which are….

A

2 —> Neuron (structural unit), and neuroglia, which are the support for the neuron.

43
Q

Neurons carry out the functions of the nervous system by…

A

conducting nerve impulses.

44
Q

Sensory neurons pick up information from..

A

the environment.

45
Q

Motor neurons carry information to…

A

muscles or glands.

46
Q

Interneurons carry information …

A

between two neurons.

47
Q

Each neuron has 3 basic parts, which are…

A

Cell body (contains nucleus, mitochondria, etc.), dendrites (receive information), and axon (conducts messaging.)

48
Q

Neuroglia does/does not conduct nerve impulses?

A

DOES NOT.

49
Q

Excitablity - def

A

the ability to respond to a stimulus.

50
Q

Conductivity - def

A

the ability to transmit and impulse from one point to another.

51
Q

Resting potential - def

A

changes on two sides of the resting membrane.

52
Q

Action potential - def

A

rapid sequence of events in response to a stimulus, including depolarization, reverse polarization, and repolarization.

53
Q

Steps in an action potential - 4

A
  1. At rest, the outside of the membrane is more positive than the inside.
  2. Na+ moves inside the cell causing an action potential, the influx of positive sodium ions make the inside of the membrane more positive than the outside.
  3. K ions flow out of the cell, restoring the resting potential net chages.
  4. Na+ ions are pumped out of the cell and K ions are pumped into the cell, restoring the original distribution of ions.
54
Q

Once the impulse reaches the end of an axon, it must/must not cross the synpase to a muscle, gland, or another neuron.

A

IT MUST.

55
Q

The synpase - def

A

the junction between a nerve cell and another cell is called a synpase.

56
Q

A synpase has 3 parts, which are…..

A

Synaptic know, snyaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane.

57
Q

Neurotransmitters - def

A

chemicals secreted by the axon - it causes an impulse.

58
Q

Excitatory NT -

A

transmitter that increases the response by initiating action potential in the membrane, like Ach and Dopamine, and Epinephrine.

59
Q

Inhibitory NT -

A

transmitter that decreases the response in the adjacent cell - serotonin and endorphines.

60
Q

The reflex arc is the ____ unit.

A

Functional.

61
Q

5 basic components of a reflex arc -

A

receptor, sensory neuron, center (integration center), motor neuron, effector.

Pharmacology (88 decks)

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