Pharmacology - Chapter 54 - Drugs for Deficiency Anemias

Question 1

Anemia - def

Answer 1

decrease in erythrocytes (RBC.)

Question 2

What causes Anemia?

Answer 2

Blood loss, hemolysis, bone marrow dysfunction.

Question 3

Stage 1 - Proerythroblasts - lack ___.

Answer 3

hemoglobin.

Question 4

Stage 2 - Erythroblasts - gain ___.

Answer 4

Hemoglobin.

Question 5

Stage 3 - Reticulocytes - immature ___.

Answer 5

Erythrocytes.

Question 6

Stage 4 - Erythrocytes - ___.

Answer 6

Maturity.

Question 7

Development of RBC’s involves…. ___ bone marrow, ____, ____, vitamin __, ___.

Answer 7

Healthy bone marrow, erythropoietin (a stimulant for RBC maturation), Iron, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid.

Question 8

Iron Deficiency Anemia - least common nutritional anemia. T/F?

Answer 8

False! It is the most common!

Question 9

Iron is essential for function of _____, ___, and many __.

Answer 9

Hemoglobin, Myoglobin and many enzymes.

Question 10

Iron - stored within mucosal cells in form of….

Answer 10

ferritin.

Question 11

(Iron) binding to ___ for distribution around body.

Answer 11

transferrin.

Question 12

Infants and children don’t need iron. T/F?

Answer 12

False - they do need it for growth!

Question 13

Iron deficiency - def

Answer 13

absence of iron for hemoglobin synthesis and reduced oxygen carrying capacity.

Question 14

What are some good dietary sources of iron?

Answer 14

Liver, egg yolk, wheat germ, muscle meats, fish, etc.

Question 15

Iron Deficiency - results when there is an…

Answer 15

imbalance between uptake and demand (usually increased demand.)

Question 16

What is the least expensive drug for treating iron deficiency?

Answer 16

Ferrous sulfate (oral.)

Question 17

Dextran (Parenteral) for patients who might have…

Answer 17

intestinal disease and/or are unable to absorb iron.

Question 18

Vitamin B12 - essential for synthesis of…

Answer 18

synthesis of DNA.

Question 19

What are some causes of vitamin b12 deficiency?

Answer 19

Regional enteritis, celiac disease, lack of intrinsic factor.

Question 20

What are the consequences of Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 20

Megaloblastic anemia (oversized erythrocytes), neurologic damage, GI Disturbances.

Question 21

Vitamin B12 - drug - Cyanocobalamin - admin

Answer 21

Oral, parenteral, intranasal.

Question 22

Cyanocobalamin - AE/Long Term Treatment

Answer 22

AE - Hypokalemia.

LTT - with lack of intrinsic factor, Vitamin B12 lifelong!

Question 23

Folic Acid Anemia - found in the ___ intestine.

Answer 23

Small.

Question 24

What causes folic acid anemia?

Answer 24

Poor diet/malabsorption syndrome.

Question 25

What are some consequences of folic acid anemia?

Answer 25

Megaloblastic Anemia (oversized erythrocytes), Neural tube defects.

Question 26

Folic Acid Anemia - treatment. Inactive form to start with which undergoes activation when absorbed. T/F?

Answer 26

True!

Question 27

Active Form to start with for treating folic acid anemia…

Answer 27

Leucovorin calcium, folinic acid, citrovorum factor.