Pharmacology - Chapter 54 - Drugs for Deficiency Anemias Flashcards
Anemia - def
decrease in erythrocytes (RBC.)
What causes Anemia?
Blood loss, hemolysis, bone marrow dysfunction.
Stage 1 - Proerythroblasts - lack ___.
hemoglobin.
Stage 2 - Erythroblasts - gain ___.
Hemoglobin.
Stage 3 - Reticulocytes - immature ___.
Erythrocytes.
Stage 4 - Erythrocytes - ___.
Maturity.
Development of RBC’s involves…. ___ bone marrow, ____, ____, vitamin __, ___.
Healthy bone marrow, erythropoietin (a stimulant for RBC maturation), Iron, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - least common nutritional anemia. T/F?
False! It is the most common!
Iron is essential for function of _____, ___, and many __.
Hemoglobin, Myoglobin and many enzymes.
Iron - stored within mucosal cells in form of….
ferritin.
(Iron) binding to ___ for distribution around body.
transferrin.
Infants and children don’t need iron. T/F?
False - they do need it for growth!
Iron deficiency - def
absence of iron for hemoglobin synthesis and reduced oxygen carrying capacity.
What are some good dietary sources of iron?
Liver, egg yolk, wheat germ, muscle meats, fish, etc.
Iron Deficiency - results when there is an…
imbalance between uptake and demand (usually increased demand.)
What is the least expensive drug for treating iron deficiency?
Ferrous sulfate (oral.)
Dextran (Parenteral) for patients who might have…
intestinal disease and/or are unable to absorb iron.
Vitamin B12 - essential for synthesis of…
synthesis of DNA.
What are some causes of vitamin b12 deficiency?
Regional enteritis, celiac disease, lack of intrinsic factor.
What are the consequences of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Megaloblastic anemia (oversized erythrocytes), neurologic damage, GI Disturbances.
Vitamin B12 - drug - Cyanocobalamin - admin
Oral, parenteral, intranasal.
Cyanocobalamin - AE/Long Term Treatment
AE - Hypokalemia.
LTT - with lack of intrinsic factor, Vitamin B12 lifelong!
Folic Acid Anemia - found in the ___ intestine.
Small.
What causes folic acid anemia?
Poor diet/malabsorption syndrome.
What are some consequences of folic acid anemia?
Megaloblastic Anemia (oversized erythrocytes), Neural tube defects.
Folic Acid Anemia - treatment. Inactive form to start with which undergoes activation when absorbed. T/F?
True!
Active Form to start with for treating folic acid anemia…
Leucovorin calcium, folinic acid, citrovorum factor.
