Pharmacology Chapter 2 - Application of Pharmacology

Question 1

5 Right’s of Drug Administration

Answer 1

Right Drug, Right Patient, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time

Question 2

Nurse must have knowledge of……

Answer 2

Patient history, what medications are appropriate and be aware of drug interactions, drug actions, etc….DO NOT BLINDLY follow Dr’s orders.

Question 3

Pr-Administration Assessment

Answer 3

Base-line data, identifying high risk patients, assessing patients capacity for self-care,

Question 4

Drug and Dosage Administration - drugs and multiple indications.

Answer 4

Drugs may have more than one indication - like how Aspirin is given in low doses to relieve pain and at high doses to suppress inflammation. Drugs can also be given by different routes.

Question 5

Evaluation and promoting therapeutic effects

Answer 5

Is the drug doing the right thing? If it isn’t….give alternate therapy, etc.

Question 6

Minimize Adverse Effects

Answer 6

For example, gastric erosion by aspirin. For this, know patient history too. Identify high risk patients, educate them, etc.

Question 7

Minimize Adverse Interactions

Answer 7

Oral contraceptives to protect against pregnancy can be reduced by concurrent therapy with Phenobarbital (an anti-seizure drug.)

Question 8

PRN Decisions

Answer 8

PRN - Pro Re Nata - as needed or as occasion arises.

Question 9

Patient Education

Answer 9

It is the nurses responsibility to educate the patients. Must give the patient…
Drug Name and therapeutic category.
Dosage Size.
Dosage Schedule.
Route and technique of administration.
Expected therapeutic response and when it should develop.
Non drug measures to enhance therapeutic responses.

Question 10

In review… The Process of Drug Therapy (5 Steps) (Aka Steps in the Nursing Process.)

Answer 10

1. Pre-administration Assessment
2. Analysis and Nursing Diagnoses
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation

Question 11

Assessment

Answer 11

Collecting data about the patient to establish a foundation for subsequent steps in the process. (by interview, labs, etc.)

Question 12

Analysis

Answer 12

Analyze the data to determine actual and potential health problems, and statement - example, “non-compliance (problem) related to inability to self-administer medication (cause.)”

Question 13

Planning

Answer 13

Determine specific intervention directed at solving or preventing the problems identified in analysis. Tailor plans for patients,define goals, make plans, etc.

Question 14

Implementation

Answer 14

Begins with carrying out the interventions identified during planning. Some are collaborative (requires physician’s order).

Question 15

Evaluation

Answer 15

Determination of the degree to which treatment has been successful.