Chapter 18 - Adrenergic Antagonists

Question 1

What are the two major groups of Adrenergic Receptors?

Answer 1

Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents and Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents

Question 2

Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents - two types.

Answer 2

Non selective and selective.

Question 3

Non-selective alpha blocker - drug

Answer 3

Phentolamine - produces alpha-1 and alpha-2 blockade.

Question 4

Selective alpha blocker - drug

Answer 4

Prazosin - minipress - produces alpha 1 blockade.

Question 5

Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents - two types.

Answer 5

non-selective and cardio-selective.

Question 6

Beta Blocker - non-selective - drug

Answer 6

Blocks beta 1 and beta 2 receptor - Propanalol (Inderal.)

Question 7

Beta 1 Specific Beta Blocker - Selective - Drug

Answer 7

Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Blocks beta 1 receptors.

Question 8

Alpha Blockade - therapeutic uses -

Answer 8

Essential hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia - proliferation of cells in prostate - ranaud’s disease - vasospasm in toes and fingers, etc.

Question 9

Alpha Blockade - adverse effects

Answer 9

Orthostatic hypotension - hypotension with certain movements, reflex tachycardia - increases heart rate, nasal congestion, inhibition of ejaculation, sodium retention

Question 10

Beta blockade - therapeutic effects -

Answer 10

result primarily from blockage of Beta 1 receptor in heart. Reduced heart rate, reduced force of contraction, reduced velocity of impulse conduction.

Question 11

Beta blocker - how does it affect angina pectoris and hypertension?

Answer 11

Angina - BB decreases cardiac work - bring oxygen demand back to normal.
Hypertension - due to reduction of peripheral vascular resistance.

Question 12

How does BB affect Cardiac Dysrhythnias and Myocardial Infarctions?

Answer 12

Dys - bb decrease rate of SA node discharge.

MI - bb’s reduce pain, infarct size, mortality and risk of re-infarction.

Question 13

How do BB’s affect Heart failure, hyperthyroidism, and migraine?

Answer 13

HF - BB’s increase sympathetic activity to heart.
Hyperthyroidism - BB’s suppress release of thyroid hormones.
Migraine - BB’s reduce frequency of mirgraines.

Question 14

Adverse effects of beta 1 blockade -

Answer 14

Bradycardia, Reduced Cardiac Output, Heart Failure, AV block, long-term use can sensitize heart to catecholamines.

Question 15

Adverse effects of beta 2 blockade -

Answer 15

Bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenolysis