Systemic Inflammation Flashcards
first, systemic manifestations and co morbidities are the result of what?
“spill over” of the inflammatory and respiratory events occurring in the lungs
second, the pulmonary manifestations are simply one form expression of what state?
“systemic” inflammatory state where there is multiple organ comprimise
in the first view, how should therapies be used?
therapies should be primarily directed to the lungs
in the second view, how should therapies be used?
therapies should be shifted to the systemic inflammatory state
where are most treatments directed to?
the lungs
when is systemic inflammation increased?
during exacerbations and is associated with a decline in lung function
what cytokines have been linked to muscle weakness, skeletal muscle atrophy or cachexia?
IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and chemokines
all cytokines except what, have increased plasma concentrations?
IL-1 beta
what is leptin?
is an adipokine derived from fat cells
- regulates energy balance
is leptin increased or decreased in patients with COPD?
it is decreased