Bronchospasm

Question 1

what is bronchospasm?

Answer 1

is a result of the action of several mediators including (but not limited to) histamine, leuktreines, PAF and prostaglandins
- the parasympathetic control of airway function appears to be dysregulated

Question 2

what is bronchospasm caused by?

Answer 2

an alteration of muscarinic receptor function by TNF alpha and IL-1 leading to an increase in acetylcholine which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and further mucus secretion

Question 3

what is mucus hypersecretion?

Answer 3

submucosal glands and goblet cells produce mucus in the airway

Question 4

what is mucus secretion triggered by?

Answer 4

by the inflammatory response

Question 5

what are leukotrienes known to do?

Answer 5

stimulate mucus production

Question 6

what are the two most relevant cytokines that up regulate mucus secretion?

Answer 6

IL-9, 13

Question 7

what other mediators have a role in mucus hypersecretion?

Answer 7

TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor

Question 8

what is the most damaging effect of mucus hypersecretion?

Answer 8

airway obstruction by mucus plugs which is caused by mucus hypersecretion and increased plasma exudation

Question 9

mucus hypersecretion may increase airway hyper responsiveness. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 9

true

Question 10

how does impaired mucociliary function worsen the situation?

Answer 10

because the ability to clear the mucus is impaired