Manifestations with Edema Flashcards
what is edema most frequently associated with in the brain?
infections or trauma, both initiate an inflammatory response
how does cerebral edema occur?
because the skull is enclosed space with little room for extra fluid
what are signs of increased intracranial pressure?
headache, altered LOC, abnormal pupil size, changes of pattern in respiration, changes in muscle tone and abnormal posture
why does swelling in the air way occur?
due to an inflammatory response to allergens or microorganisms
what are signs of airway swelling?
difficulty swallowing, anxiety, stridor, possible airway obstruction, and asphyxia
how does edema occur in the lungs?
fluid is forced out of the capillaries at the level of the lungs and accumulates around the alveoli, the result is a decrease in gas exchange and a decrease in the ability if the lungs to inflate
what signs/symptoms occur with edema in the lungs?
DYSPNEA, anxiety, restlessness, diminished breath sounds, and or crackles on auscultation
what is ascites?
fluid collects in the peritoneal cavity - third spacing
how does abdominal edema occur?
accumulation of fluid is due to the increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure that results when the portal vein is effected by the liver cirrhosis or it results from an inflammatory response to something like an abdominal tumour or pancreatitis
what signs/symptoms may occur from abdominal edema?
abdominal girth, protruding umbilicus, abdominal discomfort, SOB when the expansion of the diaphragm is impeded by fluid
how does edema in the intestines occur?
third space loss of fluid inside the lumen and wall of the intestine if the intestine is obstructed
how does peripheral edema occur?
due to obstruction of venous blood flow which increases capillary hydrostatic pressure or to obstruction in lymphatic drainage
where does peripheral edema predominately occur?
in the lower extremities of ambulatory patients - dependent edema
where does peripheral edema occur in bed written patients?
sacral area -dependent edema
what is pitting edema?
edema that is related to salt retention
- when a finger is pressed into the edematous area, the fluid in the soft tissue shifts and when the finger is removed, a “pit” is evident
