Assessing Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

what should be assessed for fluid balance?

A

thirst, mucous membranes, turgor, tearing, pulse, BP, edema, weight, intake/ouput, urine concentration, neuromuscular signs

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2
Q

why does dry mouth occur?

A

could be due to fluid volume deficit or might be result of mouth breathing

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3
Q

in mouth breathing, what areas will remain moist?

A

where the cheeks and the gums meet

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4
Q

in a fluid volume deficit, will the cheeks/gums be be most or dry?

A

dry

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5
Q

what happens to the skin when you have a fluid volume deficit?

A

the skin flattens more slowly after a pinch is released

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6
Q

who is more likely to show signs of decreased skin elasticity?

A

older clients or those with recent weight loss

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7
Q

what is one of the most reliable indicators of fluid volume in infants?

A

crying/tearing

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8
Q

what is generally the earliest sign of decreased vascular volume?

A

tachycardia

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9
Q

what two positions should BP be taken in when suspecting fluid imbalance?

A

sitting an standing

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10
Q

when does edema become apparent?

A

does not become apparent until the interstitial fluid has increased by at least 2.5 litres

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11
Q

where should be checked for edema?

A

generalized, localized and dependent

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12
Q

is body weighing more accurate than intake an output measurements?

A

yes

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13
Q

when should clients be weighed?

A

in the morning, before breakfast but after urinating

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14
Q

what is the normal output in an adult?

A

1000-2000 mL/day, or 40-80 mL/hour

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15
Q

what does urine concentration measure?

A

the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine

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16
Q

what does the body do with water when in a fluid volume deficit?

A

the body conserves water so solutes are excreted in a small, concentrated urine volume

17
Q

what can falsely elevate SG readings?

A

unexpected solutes such as glucose or albumin

18
Q

what central or peripheral effects can occur in fluid imbalance?

A

headache, anxiety, changes in LOC and twitching