Inflammation Flashcards
what are the two types of immunity?
innate and adaptive
when is innate immunity activated?
at all stages of COPD
when is adaptive immunity activated?
in more severe diseases
what mediates both types of immunity?
cytokines
what cells help link innate and adaptive immunity in COPD?
dentritic cells
what is inflammation?
contributing to damage and remodeling of the lung parenchyma and airflow limitation
what are the most important inflammatory cells in COPD?
neutrophils, macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes
neutrophils release what proteases?
neutrophil elastatse, cathespin G, proteinase-3, matrix metalloproteinase 8 an 9
what are the most important proteases involved in emphysema?
elastases, cathesins and matrix metalloproteases
what is the function of macrophages?
secrete inflammatory mediators that activate neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes
- they release proteases (matrix metalloproteinases and cathespins)
what do CD4+ lymphocytes activate?
B cells (B cells are involved in antibody production)
there is an increase of what pro inflammatory cytokines?
tnf alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-32, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and an assortment of T cell cytokines
what is the function of TNF alpha?
- increases expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells and upregulates the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and 6
what is the function of IL-1 beta?
activates macrophages which then secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases
what is IL-6?
is a link between innate and acquired immunity and stimulates C-reactive protein release from the liver