Study Guide 3 Flashcards
Clinical s/s of water intoxication
- tumors, endocrine disorders
- N/V/D
- muscle cramps in athletes
- decreased mental alertness, confusion
- sleepiness
- anorexia
- poor motor control
- convulsions
- sudden weight gain
- hyperventilation
- warm, moist skin
- signs of increased intracerebral pressure
- mild peripheral edema
- low serum sodium and hematocrit
What are the signs of increased intracerebral pressure?
- slow pulse
- increased systolic BP more than 10 mmHg
- decreased diastolic BP more than 10 mmHg
What meds may contribute to edema?
Diuretics (usually thiazide)
What do diuretics do to contribute to edema?
- inhibit Na+ and water resorption by kidneys
- show sx’s consistent with dehydration
What is edema?
Volume excess with retention of fluid in interstitial spaces
How many s/s of metabolic syndrome are needed for dx?
3
What are the characteristics of metabolic syndrome?
- abdominal obesity
- atherogenic dyslipidemia
- elevated BP
- Insulin resistance or glucose intolerance
- Prothrombic state
- Proinflammatory state
Proinflammatory state determined by:
C-reactive protein
Metabolic alkalosis: blood pH
Above 7.45
Metabolic Acidosis: blood pH
Under 7.35
What is metabolic alkalosis usually caused by?
- excessive vomiting
- suctioning
- diuretics
- large quantity of antacids
Clinical s/s of metabolic alkalosis
- nausea
- diarrhea
- confusion
- irritability
- agitation, restlessness
- muscle twitching, cramping, weakness
- paresthesia
- convulsions
- coma
- slow, shallow breathing
Metabolic acidosis is usually caused by:
- smoke inhalation
- sepsis
- cardiopulmonary failure
- ETOH
- liver failure
When does ketoacidosis occur with metabolic acidosis?
With failure of liver and/or kidneys
Clinical s/s of metabolic acidosis
- HA
- fatigue
- drowsiness, lethargy
- N/V/D
- muscle twitch
- convulsions
- coma
- rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation)
