Cancer Classification 2 Flashcards

1
Q

These types of cancers arise from bone marrow

A

Blood-borne cancers

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2
Q

Blood borne cancers: metastasis

A

Hematogenous = already spread through the body, so doesn’t really metastasize

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3
Q

What determines if a cancer is leukemia or lymphoma?

A

% of blast cells present

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4
Q

Remember: leukemia =

A

Liquid

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5
Q

Remember: lymphoma =

A

Solid

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6
Q

Lymphoma: originates in this type of tissue

A

Lymphoid

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7
Q

Lymphoma: spread via

A

Infiltration

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8
Q

Leukemia is a cancer of the ______ system

A

Hematologic

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9
Q

Leukemias spread via

A

Invasion and infiltration

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10
Q

What are some of the specific conditions that are bloodborne cancers that we discussed?

A
  • multiple myeloma

- non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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11
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A
  • cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow

- results in intense bone pain with pathological fx

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12
Q

Multiple myeloma survival

A

5 year ~47%

Bone marrow transplants are improving survival rates

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13
Q

Why is the 5 year mark important?

A

Time you’re most likely to get a metastasis

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14
Q

What is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A
  • group of lymphomas affecting lymphoid tissue

- has specific large cells present

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15
Q

Who gets non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A
  • all ages

- more common in middle age

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16
Q

Risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A
  • male
  • organ transplants
  • autoimmune disease
  • radiation exposure (lots)
  • AIDS
17
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma disease course

A
  • unpredictable

- widespread

18
Q

Look for these s/s with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A
  • enlarge lymph nodes
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • weight loss
  • bleeding
  • red skin
  • generalized itching
19
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: px

A

Variable based upon category

  • indolent
  • aggressive
20
Q

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: types based on location

A
  • intramedullary
  • extramedullary
  • extradural
  • intracranial
21
Q

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: intramedullary

A

Within spinal cord

22
Q

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extramedullary

A

Outside the SC

23
Q

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extradural

A

Outside dura mater

24
Q

80% of primary tumors of nerve tissue are of this type

A

Intracranial

  • 60% primary
  • 40% metastases
25
Primary CNS tumors: Do they metastasize outside the CNS? Why or why not?
- rarely - no lymphatic path - hematologic spread unlikely
26
These are the most common primary malignant tumors
Gliomas
27
What are the types of gliomas we discussed?
- Astrocytomas | - Malignant gliomas
28
What are astrocytomas?
Benign low grade tumors
29
Astrocytomas are most commonly found in this group
Children
30
Example of malignant glioma
Glioblastoma (GBM)
31
GBM survival
18-24 mos. at most
32
WHO classification of primary brain tumors according to histology
- Graded I-IV to indicate aggressiveness | - IV is most aggressive