Cancer Classification 2 Flashcards
These types of cancers arise from bone marrow
Blood-borne cancers
Blood borne cancers: metastasis
Hematogenous = already spread through the body, so doesn’t really metastasize
What determines if a cancer is leukemia or lymphoma?
% of blast cells present
Remember: leukemia =
Liquid
Remember: lymphoma =
Solid
Lymphoma: originates in this type of tissue
Lymphoid
Lymphoma: spread via
Infiltration
Leukemia is a cancer of the ______ system
Hematologic
Leukemias spread via
Invasion and infiltration
What are some of the specific conditions that are bloodborne cancers that we discussed?
- multiple myeloma
- non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is multiple myeloma?
- cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow
- results in intense bone pain with pathological fx
Multiple myeloma survival
5 year ~47%
Bone marrow transplants are improving survival rates
Why is the 5 year mark important?
Time you’re most likely to get a metastasis
What is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- group of lymphomas affecting lymphoid tissue
- has specific large cells present
Who gets non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- all ages
- more common in middle age
Risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- male
- organ transplants
- autoimmune disease
- radiation exposure (lots)
- AIDS
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma disease course
- unpredictable
- widespread
Look for these s/s with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- enlarge lymph nodes
- fever
- night sweats
- weight loss
- bleeding
- red skin
- generalized itching
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: px
Variable based upon category
- indolent
- aggressive
Primary tumors of nerve tissue: types based on location
- intramedullary
- extramedullary
- extradural
- intracranial
Primary tumors of nerve tissue: intramedullary
Within spinal cord
Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extramedullary
Outside the SC
Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extradural
Outside dura mater
80% of primary tumors of nerve tissue are of this type
Intracranial
- 60% primary
- 40% metastases
Primary CNS tumors: Do they metastasize outside the CNS? Why or why not?
- rarely
- no lymphatic path
- hematologic spread unlikely
These are the most common primary malignant tumors
Gliomas
What are the types of gliomas we discussed?
- Astrocytomas
- Malignant gliomas
What are astrocytomas?
Benign low grade tumors
Astrocytomas are most commonly found in this group
Children
Example of malignant glioma
Glioblastoma (GBM)
GBM survival
18-24 mos. at most
WHO classification of primary brain tumors according to histology
- Graded I-IV to indicate aggressiveness
- IV is most aggressive
