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Clin Med 2 > Kidney 2 > Flashcards

Kidney 2 Flashcards

1
Q

This artery branches off the abdominal aorta

A

Renal artery

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2
Q

What does the renal artery do?

A

Brings unfiltered blood into the kidneys

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3
Q

Interlobar arteries: path

A

Travel down renal columns and between pyramids

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4
Q

Arcuate arteries: path

A

Arch over pyramids in cortical medullary junction

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5
Q

Interlobular arteries connect to

A

Afferent arteriole

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6
Q

Afferent arteriole branches off

A

Renal artery

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7
Q

Afferent arteriole controls

A

Blood flow into the glomerulus

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8
Q

Glomerular capillaries

A
  • fist-like structure

- forms filter

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9
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Carries blood minus filtrate out of glomerulus

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10
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A
  • surround tubules and loop of Henle

- involved in reabsorption and secretion

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11
Q

Vasa recta

A

part of peritubular system responsible for concentrating urine and blood supply to kidneys

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12
Q

Renal vein delivers filtered and reabsorbed blood to

A

Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Renal blood flow per minute

A

1000-1200 mL, or 20-25% cardiac output per minute

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14
Q

GFR =

A

Glomerular filtration rate

Rate of filtration and cleansing of blood

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15
Q

GFR is related to _____ and _____, and is controlled by these types of actions

A
  • blood flow
  • blood pressure
  • neural/hormonal
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16
Q

Renal blood flow: auto-regulation

Arterial BP

A

80-100 mmHg

17
Q

Renal blood flow: auto-regulation

These cells sense Na+ filtration

A

Macula densa

18
Q

Renal blood flow: auto-regulation

What about this controls GFR?

A

Constriction or dilation of afferent arteriole

19
Q

ANS regulation of RBF (renal blood flow)

Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic stimulation reflexively causes VASOCONSTRICTION of afferent arteriole

20
Q

Reflexive vasoconstriction of renal arterioles: how does this affect GFR and RBF?

A

GFR and RBF are decreased

21
Q

How does decreased RBF promote an increase in systemic pressure?

A

Decreased RBF

» decreased Na+ and water secretion

»» increased blood volume

»»» increased systemic pressure

22
Q

This system is a large regulator of renal blood flow (And therefore, BP)

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

23
Q

Renin =

A

Enzyme formed and stored in cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

24
Q

What causes renin to be released with the goal of increasing BP?

A
  • Low BP sensed intrinsically by cells
  • Sympathetic NS component (receptors located on cells)
  • Macula densa cells sense low pressure in glomerulus (decreased Na+)
25
The effects of the RAAS combine with those of _____ to regulate blood volume
ADH
26
When is ADH release signaled?
- decreased BP or BV signals hypothalamus | - hypothalamus signals posterior pituitary to release ADH
27
What happens to water when ADH is released?
Reabsorbed into blood vessels from - distal tubules - collecting ducts
28
How does the RAAS impact BP?
RAAS RAISES BP!
29
Describe the RAAS
1. Renin causes liver hepatocytes to release angiotensinogen 2. ACE converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 3. Angiotensin I » Angiotensin II 4. Angiotensin II » Aldosterone
30
What else affects renal blood flow?
Effects of - exercise - hypoxia - increased BP
31
Renal blood flow: effects of exercise
- sodium and water loss - relative decrease in BV and loss of Na+ (sweating) - increased BP
32
Renal blood flow: effects of hypoxia
- sympathetic response | - decrease in RBF
33
Renal blood flow: effects of increased BP
- renin and ADH decreased | - afferent arteriole dilated to increase filtration
34
The nephron filters blood/plasma to:
- reabsorb water, electrolytes, glucose, proteins within tubular system and capillaries - maintain fluid volume, electrolyte balance, pH
35
GFR in a day
180L per day
36
GFR: how much urine produced per day?
1-2 L per day
37
How much water is reabsorbed by glomerular filtration?
99%

Clin Med 2 (78 decks)

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