GI 2 Flashcards
length of small intestine
22-25 feet
Parts of the small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
Layers of the small intestine
- smooth muscle
- mucosal folds
- villi
What is the functional unit of the small intestine?
villi
Types of smooth muscle of small intestine
- longitudinal
- circular
Parts of the villus
- columnar cells
- goblet cells
- microvilli
- lamina propria
How long is the large intestine?
about 5 feet long
Parts of the large intestine
- cecum
- appendix
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
How many sphincters in the anal canal?
2
Parts of the colon
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
Sphincters of the anal canal
- internal
- external
muscle layers of the large intestine
- longitudinal
- circular
cell layers of the large intestine
- columnar epithelium
- goblet cells
- arteriole
- venule
- lymphatic
What are the 3 main arteries of the GI tract?
- celiac artery
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
Large and small intestine innervation
- gastrocolic reflex
- parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation
- intrinsic innervation of intestines
- spinal innervation
parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of large/small intestines: What functions?
- propulsion
- water reabsorption
- sodium reabsorption
- relaxation of anal sphincter
hormone responsible for sodium reabsorption
aldosterone
relaxation of anal sphincter
- control to hold and override defecation urge
- valsalva maneuver
Intestinal digestion and absorption begins here
initiated in the stomach
digestion and absorption: in small intestine
- pancreatic enzymes
- intestinal enzymes
- bile salts
digestion and absorption: intestinal motility
- Haustral segmentation
- peristalsis
After breakdown, contents travel ______ via the _______
- liver
- portal vein
These travel to liver via systemic circulation
fats
These travel to the liver via the portal vein
- carbs
- proteins
Where does absorption take place?
all intestinal regions
What is absorbed?
- water
- vitamins
- electrolytes
