Cluster of Cramming Flashcards
3 triggers of RAAS
- decreased BP
- SNS activation
- low Na+
ADH is released by
pituitary
ADH targets
kidney to cause water reabsorption
aldosterone is released by
adrenals
aldosterone targets
kidney to cause Na+ reabsorption
ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide
ANP is secreted by
heart muscles
ANP function
works opposite to RAAS to cause decreased BP
EPO released by
extraglomerular cells
EPO stimulates
RBC production
Angiotensinogen produced here
liver
BP sensors of the RAAS
- macula densa
- juxtaglomerular cells
- SNS
macula densa cells, juxtaglomerular cells, and SNS stimulate the release of ____ to _____ BP
- renin
- increase
ACE
- converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
How do ACE inhibitors work?
- inhibit production of ACE
- lower BP
targets of angiotensin II
- smooth muscle (vasoconstriction)
- pituitary (ADH secretion)
- adrenals (aldosterone secretion)
- kidney (tells to reabsorb water)
When is ANP released?
- when BP/volume are too high
- stretches the heart atria
opposite effect of renin
What are the basic tests of renal function?
- BUN
- GFR
- urinalysis
glomerulonephritis
acute inflammation of the kidneys, often from immune response
dx tests for kidney probs
- intravenous pyelogram
- KUB radiograph
- renal artery doppler
causes of CKD
- DM
- HTN
- glomerulonephritis
systemic manifestations of CKD: urinary
- dec urinary output - kidneys aren’t working
- abn urinary components
- abn blood serum levels (elevated BUN/creatinine)
systemic manifestations of CKD: cardiopulmonary
- CAD
- HTN
- CHF (fluid overload)
- inc fluid
- pulmonary edema
- dyspnea
- pericarditis
systemic manifestations of CKD: GI
- bleeding (platelet changes)
- N/V
- Uremic breath
- anorexia
