GI 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes an abscess?

A

any inflammation or infection can infiltrate and cause an abscess

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of abscess?

A

staph infection

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3
Q

What are the manifestations of a psoas abscess?

A
  • fever with fluctuating pattern
  • night sweats
  • abd pain
  • loss of appetite or GI upset
  • back, pelvic, abd, hip, and/or knee pain
  • antalgic gait
  • palpable, tender mass
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4
Q

psoas abscess: antalgic gait due to

A

reflexive spasm

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5
Q

This test may reveal an abscess

A

iliopsoas MMT

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6
Q

What is a hernia?

A

weakness of the abd wall through which part of the bowel pushes

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7
Q

What are hernias caused by?

A
  • weakness in peritoneal cavity

- congenital or acquired weakness of abd musculature

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8
Q

Most common types of hernias?

A
  • inguinal (direct or indirect)
  • femoral
  • umbilical
  • incisional
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9
Q

Hiatal hernia aka

A

diaphragmatic

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10
Q

When does a hiatal hernia occur?

A
  • lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter becomes enlarged

- allows stomach to pass through diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

Causes of hiatal hernias?

A
  • congenital

- acquired

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12
Q

congenital hiatal hernia

A
  • failure of formation OR

- fusion of multiple developmental components of the diaphragm

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13
Q

hiatal hernia: prevalence

A
  • very common
  • incidence increases with age
  • affects up to 60% of people over 60
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14
Q

Causes of increased intraabdominal pressure

A
  • lifting
  • straining
  • bending over
  • prolonged sitting/standing
  • chronic or forceful cough
  • vigorous exercise
  • pregnancy
  • ascites
  • obesity
  • CHF
  • low-fiber diet
  • constipation
  • delayed BM
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15
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

inflammation of vermiform appendix

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16
Q

Who commonly gets appendicitis?

A
  • adolescents

- young adults

17
Q

Why does appendicitis usu require surgery?

A
  • may rupture, leading to peritonitis

- could lead to psoas abscess

18
Q

These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (omit female specific ones)

A
  • Crohn’s dz
  • perforated duodenal ulcer
  • gallbladder attack
  • R sided kidney infection
19
Q

These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (female specific)

A
  • ruptured ectopic pregnancy

- hemorrhaging ovarian follicle

20
Q

most important sign of appendicitis

A

PAIN

  • periumbilical
  • epigastric
  • RLQ/flank
  • R thigh/groin
21
Q

Aside from pain, what are the other s/s of appendicitis?

A
  • abd involuntary mm guarding and rigidity
  • (+) McBurney’s point and/or pinch an inch test
  • rebound tenderness
  • N/V
  • low grade fever
  • coated tongue and bad breath