GI 5 Flashcards
What causes an abscess?
any inflammation or infection can infiltrate and cause an abscess
What is the most common cause of abscess?
staph infection
What are the manifestations of a psoas abscess?
- fever with fluctuating pattern
- night sweats
- abd pain
- loss of appetite or GI upset
- back, pelvic, abd, hip, and/or knee pain
- antalgic gait
- palpable, tender mass
psoas abscess: antalgic gait due to
reflexive spasm
This test may reveal an abscess
iliopsoas MMT
What is a hernia?
weakness of the abd wall through which part of the bowel pushes
What are hernias caused by?
- weakness in peritoneal cavity
- congenital or acquired weakness of abd musculature
Most common types of hernias?
- inguinal (direct or indirect)
- femoral
- umbilical
- incisional
Hiatal hernia aka
diaphragmatic
When does a hiatal hernia occur?
- lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter becomes enlarged
- allows stomach to pass through diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
Causes of hiatal hernias?
- congenital
- acquired
congenital hiatal hernia
- failure of formation OR
- fusion of multiple developmental components of the diaphragm
hiatal hernia: prevalence
- very common
- incidence increases with age
- affects up to 60% of people over 60
Causes of increased intraabdominal pressure
- lifting
- straining
- bending over
- prolonged sitting/standing
- chronic or forceful cough
- vigorous exercise
- pregnancy
- ascites
- obesity
- CHF
- low-fiber diet
- constipation
- delayed BM
What is appendicitis?
inflammation of vermiform appendix
Who commonly gets appendicitis?
- adolescents
- young adults
Why does appendicitis usu require surgery?
- may rupture, leading to peritonitis
- could lead to psoas abscess
These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (omit female specific ones)
- Crohn’s dz
- perforated duodenal ulcer
- gallbladder attack
- R sided kidney infection
These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (female specific)
- ruptured ectopic pregnancy
- hemorrhaging ovarian follicle
most important sign of appendicitis
PAIN
- periumbilical
- epigastric
- RLQ/flank
- R thigh/groin
Aside from pain, what are the other s/s of appendicitis?
- abd involuntary mm guarding and rigidity
- (+) McBurney’s point and/or pinch an inch test
- rebound tenderness
- N/V
- low grade fever
- coated tongue and bad breath
