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Clin Med 2 > GI Meds 2 > Flashcards

GI Meds 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs to control gastric acidity and secretion

A
  • antacids
  • H2 receptor blockers
  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
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2
Q

What do antacids do?

A
  • neutralize stomach acid

- break down into salt and water

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3
Q

Makeup of antacids

A
  • carbonate or hydroxide base combined with

- Al, Mg, Na, or Ca

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4
Q

How does an antacid work?

A

Base combines with excess hydrogen ions to increase intragastric pH

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5
Q

This may give some protection against H. pylori

A

aluminum

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6
Q

biggest adverse effects of antacids

A
  • constipation

- diarrhea

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7
Q

When should antacids not be taken?

A

Within 2 hours of orally administered drugs that need gastric juices to dissolve them!

  • warfarin
  • digoxin
  • iron supplements
  • certain antibiotics
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8
Q

What type of drug are these?

  • Tagamet
  • Pepcid
  • Axid
  • Zantac
A

H2 receptor blockers

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9
Q

What are H2 receptor blockers?

A

Histamine receptors that diminish stomach parietal cell secretion of gastric acid

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10
Q

H2 receptor blockers can decrease damage from

A

NSAIDs

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11
Q

H2 receptor blockers are commonly used for

A

short and long term management of

  • peptic ulcers
  • GERD
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12
Q

H2 receptor blockers are generally well-tolerated, but these may occur

A
  • HA
  • dizziness

*original prescription agents now available OTC

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13
Q

H2 receptor blockers and tolerance and implications

A
  • tolerance may occur

- may be better to administer every other day instead of daily

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14
Q

What type of drugs are these?

  • Nexium
  • Prevacid
  • Prilosec
  • Protonix
A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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15
Q

What do PPIs do?

A

inhibit the enzyme responsible for secreting gastric acid

H+, K+ ATPase: known as the proton pump

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16
Q

effectiveness of PPIs

A
  • extremely effective

- can decrease acid secretion 80-95%

17
Q

What are some of the benefits to PPIs?

A
  • may have some antibacterial protective effect against H. pylori
  • may have some anti-inflammatory properties to decrease gastric irritation

**This is the drug class of choice for long-term mgmt

18
Q

PPIs are usually well-tolerated, but some adverse effects are:

A
  • may have acid rebound when d/c
  • associated with gastric polyps
  • affect Ca2+ metabolism
  • may increase risk of C. diff
19
Q

What is acid rebound?

A

increased secretion of gastric acid after prolonged use of PPI

20
Q

PPI and calcium metabolism

A

lead to increased risk of hip and vertebral fx

Clin Med 2 (78 decks)

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