Oncology 2 Flashcards
Neoplasm classifications are based upon:
- Cell type
- Tissue of origin
- Degree of differentiation
- Anatomic site
- Benign/malignant
For tumor grading and staging, a (lower/higher) number indicates a better prognosis
LOWER
What is a tumor grade?
- Grading describes the tumor cells and tissues
- Looks at differentiation
What are the tumor grades?
GX G1 G2 G3 G4
What is a GX tumor?
- undetermined
- can’t be assessed
What is a G1 tumor?
Well differentiated (low grade)
What is a G2 tumor?
Moderately differentiated (intermediate grade)
What is a G3 tumor?
Poorly differentiated (high grade)
What is a G4 tumor?
Undifferentiated (high grade)
What system is used for tumor staging?
TNM system
What does TNM stand for?
- Tumor size
- spread to lymph Nodes
- Metastasis
What does staging show?
Shows the extent of the cancer
- How large
- Whether or not it has spread
Tumor staging scale
0-4
Stage 0 cancer
- tumor in situ (non-invasive)
- no spread to lymph nodes
- no metastase
Stage 1 cancer
- tumor invasive but small in size
- no spread to lymph nodes
- no metastasis
Stage 2 cancer
Increased risk of spread due to tumor size
Stage 3 cancer
- local cancer has spread
- may not be disseminated to distant sites
Stage 4 cancer
Any metastasis
