Oncology 3 Flashcards
What are the leading cancers for men for new cases and estimated deaths per year?
- prostate
- lung
What are the leading cancers for women for new cases and estimated deaths per year?
- breast
- lung
More than ½ of all cancer deaths in the US could be prevented through
- healthier lifestyle
- better use of screening
What is the single most important risk factor for cancer?
AGE: Over 50
When is family history significant as a risk factor for cancer, typically?
1st generation of someon with that type of cancer
Why is ethnicity a risk factor for cancer?
There are racial disparities in incidence and mortality
How is ethnicity a modifiable risk factor at times?
- related to access to medical care
- may be related to different environmental factors
- related to preventable risk factors
What is the big list of non-modifiable risk factors?
- age
- previous hx of cancer
- ethnicity
- skin color
- gender
- heredity
- age of menarche, menopause
- adenamatous polyps
- inflammatory bowel disease
- fat distribution patterns
- congenital immunodeficiencies
- congenital diseases
- long-term helicobacter infections
What are some of the big non-modifiable hereditary risk factors
- BRCA 1 and 2 for breast cancer
- Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
- FAP
What is BRCA? Why is it important?
- BRCA genes are tumor suppressors
- Mutations cause increased risk for cancer
What is Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
- Inherited chromosomal mutations of the P53 or CHK2 tumor suppressor genes
- variety of cancers in this group, but the common denominator is the genetic mutation
Li-Fraumeni syndrome: prevalence
Very rare
400 people from 64 families
FAP =
Familial
Adenomatosis
Polyposis
What is FAP?
Colon cancer
What is the big list of modifiable risk factors?
- chemical or other environmental exposures
- smoking
- urban dwelling
- ETOH consumption more than 2 drinks per day
- sedentary lifestyle
- obesity or diet high in animal fat
- insulin resistance
- STD
- estrogen replacement therapy
- nitrates and nitrites in food
- vitamin B12 deficiency
