Hepatic, Pancreatic, Biliary 3 Flashcards
These types of Hep have fecal oral transmission and are easily spread
Hep A & E
Hep A/E are usually a result of
- poor sanitation
- food contamination
Which one has a vaccine? Hep A or E?
HEV
These strains of hepatitis use bloodborne transmission to blood or other bodily fluids
HBV
HCV
HDV
HGV
This type of hepatitis may be fatal and vaccines are required for health workers
HBV
HDV must have this present to co-infect
HBV
- Growing concerns over transplants and ACL allografts
- not generally a big risk for HC workers
HCV
What is HGV?
- designation for a virus
- percutaneous transmission
- lasts about 10 years
Who usually gets HGV?
IV drug users
Looking at liver issues, these are the big clues!
- pain
- jaundice
- fever
- fatigue
precautions for hepatitis
universal precautions
- handwashing
- gloves
- gown if needed
for all viral hepatitis
4 stages of hepatitis
- incubation/preclinical
- prodromal/preicteric
- icteric
- recovery/convalescence
incubation/preclinical hepatitis: time frame/overall
10-50 days
asymptomatic
prodromal/preicteric hepatitis: time frame/overall
1-3 weeks
start to get sick
icteric hepatitis: time frame/overall
2-4 weeks
active illness
recovery/convalescence hepatitis: time frame/overall
3-4 months
easily fatigued
What is associated with chronic active hepatitis (CAH)?
prolonged (6 months or more) liver inflammation after unresolved viral hepatitis
CAH can be caused by
- virus
- drug sensitivity
CAH caused by drug sensitivity: ex.
- INH for TB
- aldomet for HTN
- statin drugs
What is CAH treated with?
- steroids
- interferon-alpha-2b injections (Pegasys interferon tx)
side effects of CAH tx
- fatigue
- HA
- myalgia
- fever
- irritability
- GI upset
other associated conditions with chronic hepatitis
- Wilson’s disease
- hematochromatosis
- nonviral hepatitis
What is the leading cause of liver failure?
Tylenol (Acetomenophen)
What is Wilson’s disease?
- destruction of liver tissue
- replaced by fibrous bands
- impairs blood and lymph flow
NAFLD
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NAFLD: prevalence
- 25% of Americans develop
- usu associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, DM
NAFLD: heavy exercise
- watch it
- fatigue and decreased blood flow
- major precautions with liver disease
As the liver fails, what develops?
portal hypertension
What is portal hypertension
- increased pressure in portal vein from GI and spleen
- backs up into esophagus, stomach, spleen
What may arise from portal hypertension?
- ascites
- esophageal varices
ascites may cause pain here
- groin
- lumbar
esophageal varices
- dilated veins in lower esophagus
- result of portal vein backup
- can rupture
rehab considerations: acute liver diseases
- 4-6 weeks of rest needed
- limit activity
rehab considerations: chronic liver diseases
- diminished energy
- easy fatigue
- rel pathophys in renal, GI, pulmonary systems
*monitor cardiovascular activity, bone pain, rel MSK responses to exercise
What causes hepatic coma?
as liver fails, can’t detoxify ammonia from intestine
