Endocrine Overview 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Overall function of hypothalamus in relation to endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus controls function of endocrine organs by neural and hormonal pathways

Hypothalamic-pituitary interface

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2
Q

What is the hypothalamic-pituitary interface?

A

Where the endocrine system meets the nervous system

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3
Q

hormone synthesis and release - hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus can synthesize and release hormones from axon terminals directly into bloodstream

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4
Q

What are neurohormones?

A
  • Hormones that can stimulate the neural mechanism

- Ex. ACH is classified as both an NT and a neurohormone

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5
Q

There are multiple feedback systems in place with the hypothalamic-pituitary system to:

A

Keep hormones at normal levels

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6
Q

What has given rise to the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?

A

Connections between endocrine-nervous-immunologic systems

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7
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary system: Functions

A
  • integration of neurologic and endocrine system
  • hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
  • hypothalamus to posterior pituitary
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8
Q

How does the hypothalamus connect to the anterior pituitary and what does it do?

A
  • via capillary portal system

- makes hormones

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9
Q

How does the hypothalamus connect to the posterior pituitary and what does it do?

A
  • via a series of nerves

- stores hormones

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10
Q

The hypothalamus synthesizes and releases _______ that regulate _________

A
  • hormones

- gland secretion

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11
Q

How do steroids disrupt the HPA axis?

A

By suppressing hypothalamic-pituitary secretion

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12
Q

What problems can occur when there is too rapid or abrupt withdrawal of exogenous steroid?

A
  • Result can be life-threatening adrenal insufficiency

- There is not enough time to recover sufficiently to stimulate cortisol secretion

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13
Q

What are the hypothalamic hormones? (5)

A
  • GnRH
  • CRH
  • TRH
  • GHRH
  • PIH
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14
Q

GnRH =

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

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15
Q

GnRH stimulates:

A
  • LH

- FSH

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16
Q

CRH =

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

17
Q

CRH stimulates:

A

ACTH

18
Q

TRH =

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

19
Q

TRH stimulates:

A

TSH

20
Q

GHRH =

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

21
Q

PIH =

A

Prolactin inhibitory factor

22
Q

What is different about PIH than the other hypothalamic hormones?

A
  • PIH is always being secreted

- When stopped, prolactin released