Kidney 1 Flashcards
What is the #1 function of the kidneys?
Maintain a stable internal environment
How is the function of maintaining stable internal environment achieved?
- filtration
- collection
What processes allow for the formation of urine?
- glomerular filtration
- rubular reabsorption
- secretion
all within the kidney
How does the bladder interact with the kidneys?
Stores the urine received from the kidney by way of the ureters
Urine is released through the ______
Urethra
Endocrine function of the kidney (overall)
Secretes
- renin
- erythropoiten
Renin regulates
BP
Erythropoietin causes
Erythrocyte production
What do the kidneys do in times of severe fasting (overall)?
Synthesize glucose from amino acids
Which kidney is lower and why?
- right
- liver pushes down on it
How long does it take for the kidneys to filter all of your blood?
About 5 minutes
Where are the kidneys located with respect to the viscera?
Outside the peritoneal cavity
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
How many nephrons?
~ 1.2 million per kidney
What are the nephrons responsible for?
- filtration
- collection
Nephrons are made up of _______ structures that function to form ______ via _______ and ______
- tubular
- urine
- secretion
- absorption
What composes the nephron?
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule make up the _____
Renal corpuscle
What is the glomerulus?
Tuft of capillaries
What is Bowman’s capsule?
- surrounds glomerular capillaries
- works to collect filtrate from the glomerulus
This is the structural unit of the kidney
Lobe
How many lobes per kidney?
~ 14
The lobes of the kidneys contain these structures
- pyramids
- overlying cortex
Renal capsule
surrounds each kidney and is embedded in a mass of fat
Renal capsule function
Protects the kidney from trauma
Renal fascia =
Fibrous tissue that attaches kidney to posterior abdominal wall
Cortex =
- outer layer of kidney
- contains glomeruli, most of proximal tubule, and some distal tubule
Medulla =
- inner region of kidney
- contains primarily pyramids
Hilum =
Central indentation where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureter enter and exit
Pyramids contain
- loop of Henle
- collecting ducts
Calyx =
Chambers that receive urine from collecting ducts, forming entry into renal pelvis
