Kidney 1

Question 1

What is the #1 function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Maintain a stable internal environment

Question 2

How is the function of maintaining stable internal environment achieved?

Answer 2

• filtration

- collection

Question 3

What processes allow for the formation of urine?

Answer 3

• glomerular filtration
• rubular reabsorption
• secretion

all within the kidney

Question 4

How does the bladder interact with the kidneys?

Answer 4

Stores the urine received from the kidney by way of the ureters

Question 5

Urine is released through the ______

Answer 5

Urethra

Question 6

Endocrine function of the kidney (overall)

Answer 6

Secretes

• renin
• erythropoiten

Question 7

Renin regulates

Answer 7

BP

Question 8

Erythropoietin causes

Answer 8

Erythrocyte production

Question 9

What do the kidneys do in times of severe fasting (overall)?

Answer 9

Synthesize glucose from amino acids

Question 10

Which kidney is lower and why?

Answer 10

• right

- liver pushes down on it

Question 11

How long does it take for the kidneys to filter all of your blood?

Answer 11

About 5 minutes

Question 12

Where are the kidneys located with respect to the viscera?

Answer 12

Outside the peritoneal cavity

Question 13

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 13

Nephron

Question 14

How many nephrons?

Answer 14

~ 1.2 million per kidney

Question 15

What are the nephrons responsible for?

Answer 15

• filtration

- collection

Question 16

Nephrons are made up of _______ structures that function to form ______ via _______ and ______

Answer 16

• tubular
• urine
• secretion
• absorption

Question 17

What composes the nephron?

Answer 17

• Glomerulus
• Bowman’s capsule
• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct

Question 18

The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule make up the _____

Answer 18

Renal corpuscle

Question 19

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 19

Tuft of capillaries

Question 20

What is Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 20

• surrounds glomerular capillaries

- works to collect filtrate from the glomerulus

Question 21

This is the structural unit of the kidney

Answer 21

Lobe

Question 22

How many lobes per kidney?

Answer 22

~ 14

Question 23

The lobes of the kidneys contain these structures

Answer 23

• pyramids

- overlying cortex

Question 24

Renal capsule

Answer 24

surrounds each kidney and is embedded in a mass of fat

Question 25

Renal capsule function

Answer 25

Protects the kidney from trauma

Question 26

Renal fascia =

Answer 26

Fibrous tissue that attaches kidney to posterior abdominal wall

Question 27

Cortex =

Answer 27

• outer layer of kidney

- contains glomeruli, most of proximal tubule, and some distal tubule

Question 28

Medulla =

Answer 28

• inner region of kidney

- contains primarily pyramids

Question 29

Hilum =

Answer 29

Central indentation where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureter enter and exit

Question 30

Pyramids contain

Answer 30

• loop of Henle

- collecting ducts

Question 31

Calyx =

Answer 31

Chambers that receive urine from collecting ducts, forming entry into renal pelvis