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Clin Med 2 > Hormones 1 > Flashcards

Hormones 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of male and female hormones: control

A
  • reproductive function

- secondary sexual characteristics

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2
Q

Male and female hormones are technically classified as

A

Steroids

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3
Q

Male and female hormones are primarily produced by

A

Gonads

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4
Q

A small amount of male and female hormones are produced here

A

Adrenal cortex (insignificant amts to produce physiologic effects

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5
Q

Male hormones called

A

Androgens

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6
Q

What are the two groups of female hormones?

A
  • estrogens

- progestins

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7
Q

Estrogens

A
  • primarily estradiol

- usually referred to as estrogen

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8
Q

Progestins

A

Progesterone

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9
Q

Testosterone is made in the testes, regulated by

A
  • LH
  • FSH

**both anterior pituitary hormones

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10
Q

What regulates LH and FSH?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

GnRH

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11
Q

What inhibits production of LH and FSH?

A

Increased testosterone in circulation (negative feedback)

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12
Q

Testerone levels, generally are

A
  • Fairly constant at all times

- Until aging process decreases production

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13
Q

Testosterone replacement therapy: benefits

A
  • body comp
  • strength
  • bone mineralization
  • glucose metabolism
  • mood
  • libido
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14
Q

Testosterone replacement therapy:

Risks

A

May have increased risk of prostate cancer

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15
Q

Androgens can be administered medically for these, but are rarely the tx of choice by physicians

A

Conditions that involve:

  • protein loss
  • muscle catabolism
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16
Q

Androgen use:

HIV pts

A

May increase

  • lean body mass
  • bone density

Limited success

17
Q

Androgen use:

Delayed puberty

A
  • may be used short term to kick start puberty

- as long as no underlying pathology exists

18
Q

Androgen use:

Tumors

A

some limited use in hormone-sensitive tumors (certain cases of breast cancer in women

19
Q

Is it common to see androgens used for BC?

A

No, more likely to see antiestrogens for breast cancer

20
Q

Androgen use:

Anemia

A
  • testosterone is a potent EPO stimulator

- other more direct drugs are preferable

21
Q

Androgen use:

What is hereditary angioedema (very basic)

A

Defect in clotting factors

22
Q

Androgen use:

With hereditary angioedema

A
  • may be used prophylactically due to action on the liver

- restore clotting factors

23
Q

What is the big type of adverse effects with the clinical use of androgens

A

Masculinizing

24
Q

Androgen use: masculinizing effects on women

A
  • hirsutism
  • deepening voice
  • enlarged external genitalia
25
Q

Androgen use: adverse effects on men

A
  • bladder irritation
  • breast swelling/soreness
  • frequent or prolonged erections
  • increased risk of prostate cancer in older men
26
Q

Androgen use: adverse effects on children

A
  • accelerated sexual maturation

- premature closure of epiphyseal plates

27
Q

Androgen use: adverse effects on children

Premature closure of epiphyseal plates

A
  • NOT reversible!

- decision to prescribe is not made lightly

28
Q

Androgen use: adverse effects in long term

A
  • liver damage/carcinoma
  • HTN
  • fluid retention
29
Q

Androgen use: adverse effects

Reversible or no?

A

Usually reversible

  • vocal changes in women persist
  • growth impairment in children is permanent
30
Q

What do antiandrogens do?

A

Inhibit synthesis or effects of androgen production

31
Q

Antiandrogens may be used in tx of (men)

A
  • prostate cancer

- benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

32
Q

What are the two most common antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer or BPH?

A
  • Propecia

- Avodart

33
Q

Which types of androgens are commonly abused?

A

Anabolic steroids

34
Q

Anabolic steroids used to

A
  • enhance athletic performance

- increased muscle size and strength

35
Q

Androgen abuse: high school students

A
  • increasingly seen in younger athletes
  • at least 6% of high school students admit to use
  • usu obtained illegally
36
Q

How do people use anabolic steroids to increase their effects?

A

Taken in a stacking schedule

37
Q

Aside from androgen abuse, what else do athletes often use to enhance performance?

A
  • blood doping

- growth hormones

38
Q

Adverse effects of androgen abuse

A
  • mood (roid rage)
  • liver damage
  • hepatic tumors
  • cardiomyopathy
  • arrhythmias
  • decreased HDL
  • changes in reproductive function

Clin Med 2 (78 decks)

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