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Human Form & Function > Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

vertebrae section/#s

A

7: Cervical C1-C7
12: Thoracic T1-T12
5: Lumbar L1-L5

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2
Q

common features of all vertebrae

A
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3
Q

cervical vertebrae

A
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4
Q

cervical vertebrae - atlas

A
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5
Q

cervical vertebrae - atlas (medial view)

A
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6
Q

cervical vertebrae - axis

A
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7
Q

cervical vertebrae - axis (medial view)

A
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8
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A
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9
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A
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10
Q

intervertebral disk

A
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11
Q

vertebrae comparison

A

cervical:
—- transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
thoracic:
—- transverse costal facet (rib articulation)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)
lumbar:
—- big vertebral body (strength/support)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)

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12
Q

why do we have process features on the vertebrae?

A

process: muscle/tendon/ligament attachments

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13
Q

what articulates at the transverse costal facet on thoracic vertebrae?

A

ribs (costal)

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14
Q

inferior vertebral notch (L2) and superior vertebral notch (L3) creates _____ ?

A

intervertebral foramen (neural)

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15
Q

less movement in the lumbar region because the superior articular process is bigger or smaller?

A

bigger

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16
Q

what are the components of the intervertebral disk?

A

nucleus pulposus
anulus fibrosus

*fibrocartilage

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17
Q

what are the three layers of body wall muscles?

A

external (superficial)
internal
innermost (deep)

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18
Q

T/F: innermost costal muscles do not wrap all the way around

A

true

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19
Q

how do abdominal body wall muscles articulate on the anterior (front) side

A

rectus sheath and the linea alba

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20
Q

abdominal body wall muscle names (4)

A

transverse abdominis (deep)
internal oblique
external oblique (superficial)
rectus abdominis

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21
Q

spinal nerve distribution

A
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22
Q

how many nerves innervate the cervical region?

A

8

C1-C7 nerves exit ABOVE corresponding vertebrae
C8 exits BELOW C7

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23
Q

does T2 spinal nerve exit above or below T2 vertebrae?

A

BELOW

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24
Q

does C3 spinal nerve exit above or below C3 vertebrae?

A

ABOVE

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25
Q

conus medullaris location and movement

A

most distal spinal cord
conus medullaris presents in different locations as we age/grow

lower for newborns (L2)
higher for adults (T12-L1)

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26
Q

conus medullaris

A

base of spinal cord (last bulk/concentration of spinal cord)

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27
Q

growth of the spinal cord

A

the spinal cord doesn’t really grow with age but rather slides up through the vertebral foramen

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28
Q

epidural targets the spinal cord at…

A

below of spinal cord (cauda equina “horse tail”)

around L3/L4

*reduce the risk of piercing the spinal cord

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29
Q

spinal cord cross section components

A

white matter
lateral horn
posterior horn
central horn
anterior horn

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30
Q

white matter of the spinal cord

A

fast signal transmission
myelinated

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31
Q

gray matter of the spinal cord

A

cell bodies and axon terminals located here to synapse

*Communication

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32
Q

neurons that enter spinal cord

A

afferent

33
Q

neurons that exit spinal cord

A

efferent

34
Q

gray matter components

A

posterior horn
lateral horn
anterior horn

afferent nuclei
efferent nuclei

35
Q

posterior horn

A

sensory

36
Q

lateral horn

A

visceromotor

37
Q

anterior horn

A

motor

38
Q

myelination (CNS)

A

CNS - one oligodendrocyte myelinates one internode on multiple axons

39
Q

myelination (PNS)

A

Peripheral Nervous System - one Schwann cell myelinates one internode on a single axon

40
Q

Myelination electrically insulates ______

A

Myelination electrically insulates axons, thereby increasing impulse conduction speed

41
Q

Myelinated neurons have a ___ appearance

A

white (bc of Schwann cells)

*white matter

42
Q

White matter

A
  • No synaptic activity present – used for fast transmission of signal
43
Q

where do we find white matter in spinal cord?

A

external

44
Q

where is gray matter located within the spinal cord?

A

internal surface

*communication - synapse

45
Q

what occurs in grey matter?

A

communication
Synapse

46
Q

why does the thoracic area have less gray matter?

A

more communication from the rest of the body

NOT SURE CHECK

47
Q

sensory neuron

A

cell body is near CNS but not in the spinal cord

48
Q

motor neuron

A

cell body innervates in the spinal cord

49
Q

afferent/sensory neurons enter the spinal cord through the ___

A

posterior root

50
Q

afferent/sensory neuron’s cell body is in the

A

posterior root ganglion

51
Q

efferent/motor neurons always exit through the ___

A

ventral/anterior root

52
Q

afferent neurons ____ the spinal cord
efferent neurons ____ the spinal cord

A

afferent - enter
efferent - exit

53
Q

interneuron - synaptic transmission

A

reside in the spinal cord

NOT myelinated

54
Q

what spinal neurons are myelinated?

A

efferent (motor) & afferent (sensory)

*interneuron (synaptic transmission) are NOT myelinated

55
Q

spinal nerve anatomy

A

dorsal root (orange) - sensory/afferent
ventral root (red) - motor/efferent

trunk (green) - both eff/aff

dorsal ramus (pink) - back innervation
ventral ramus (blue) - limb/anterior body wall innervation

56
Q

dorsal ramus

A

back innervation

contains both efferent and afferent neurons

57
Q

ventral ramus

A

anterior body wall and limb innervation

contains both efferent and afferent neurons

58
Q

2 rami

A

dorsal ramus
ventral ramus

59
Q

spinal nerve trunk

A

very short
contains both efferent and afferent neurons

60
Q

dorsal root

A

afferent neurons (sensory)

61
Q

ventral root

A

efferent neurons (motor)

62
Q

you burn your back: nerve trace

A

dorsal ramus senses pain
trunk
dorsal root
spinal cord

63
Q

example of the spinal cord and neurons

A
64
Q

label:
gray matter (anterior/posterior horn)
white matter
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
anterior root
trunk
dorsal ramus
ventral ramus
posterior rootlets
anterior rootlets

A
65
Q

pia mater

A
66
Q

arachnoid mater

A
67
Q

dura mater

A
68
Q

epidural space

A
69
Q

orient

A

dorsal (spinous process)

ventral (vertebral body)

70
Q

dermatome

A
71
Q

simple spinal reflex

A
72
Q

SAME DAVE

A

Sensory
Afferent
Motor
Efferent

Dorsal
Afferent
Ventral
Efferent

73
Q

White vs grey matter

A

Grey matter processes info (communication)
White matter transmits it to different areas of NS

74
Q

No question

A
75
Q

Cauda equina

A

Horse tail
Below conus medullaris

76
Q

Filum terminale

A

Pia mater that continues interior to the corpus medullaris and cauda equina

77
Q

How many ribs (section/#)

A

12 ribs
True ribs: 7
False ribs: 3
Floating ribs: 2

78
Q

What vertebrae do ribs articulate with?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

79
Q

Sternum parts

A

Manubrium
Sternum angle
Sternum body
Xiphoid process

Human Form & Function (40 decks)

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