Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves Flashcards
vertebrae section/#s
7: Cervical C1-C7
12: Thoracic T1-T12
5: Lumbar L1-L5
common features of all vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
cervical vertebrae - atlas
cervical vertebrae - atlas (medial view)
cervical vertebrae - axis
cervical vertebrae - axis (medial view)
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
intervertebral disk
vertebrae comparison
cervical:
—- transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
thoracic:
—- transverse costal facet (rib articulation)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)
lumbar:
—- big vertebral body (strength/support)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)
why do we have process features on the vertebrae?
process: muscle/tendon/ligament attachments
what articulates at the transverse costal facet on thoracic vertebrae?
ribs (costal)
inferior vertebral notch (L2) and superior vertebral notch (L3) creates _____ ?
intervertebral foramen (neural)
less movement in the lumbar region because the superior articular process is bigger or smaller?
bigger
what are the components of the intervertebral disk?
nucleus pulposus
anulus fibrosus
*fibrocartilage
what are the three layers of body wall muscles?
external (superficial)
internal
innermost (deep)
T/F: innermost costal muscles do not wrap all the way around
true
how do abdominal body wall muscles articulate on the anterior (front) side
rectus sheath and the linea alba
abdominal body wall muscle names (4)
transverse abdominis (deep)
internal oblique
external oblique (superficial)
rectus abdominis
spinal nerve distribution
how many nerves innervate the cervical region?
8
C1-C7 nerves exit ABOVE corresponding vertebrae
C8 exits BELOW C7
does T2 spinal nerve exit above or below T2 vertebrae?
BELOW
does C3 spinal nerve exit above or below C3 vertebrae?
ABOVE
conus medullaris location and movement
most distal spinal cord
conus medullaris presents in different locations as we age/grow
lower for newborns (L2)
higher for adults (T12-L1)
conus medullaris
base of spinal cord (last bulk/concentration of spinal cord)
growth of the spinal cord
the spinal cord doesn’t really grow with age but rather slides up through the vertebral foramen
epidural targets the spinal cord at…
below of spinal cord (cauda equina “horse tail”)
around L3/L4
*reduce the risk of piercing the spinal cord
spinal cord cross section components
white matter
lateral horn
posterior horn
central horn
anterior horn
white matter of the spinal cord
fast signal transmission
myelinated
gray matter of the spinal cord
cell bodies and axon terminals located here to synapse
*Communication