Renal Physiology Flashcards
why does renal physiology matter to dentistry?
-You will write prescriptions, the kidneys are a major excretion route for pharmaceuticals
-Local anesthetics are excreted through kidneys
-Patients with kidney failure need to be monitored closely and certain precautions should be made for them
-A lot of patients are on blood pressure medications
—–Limits of max BP you can treat pts
—–Clinic policy? 160/100
kidneys are a major _______ route for pharmaceuticals
excretion
local anesthetics are excreted through the …
kidneys
kidney medulla contains _____
pyramids
kidney pyramids have _____ that connect to renal pelvis
papilla
kidney pelvis drains to the _____ and then the ____
ureter
bladder
kidney nephrons are the ________
the functional unit of kidneys
how many kidney nephrons?
~1 million
what are the components of the kidney nephron?
renal tubule
glomerulus
Kidneys:
“dirty” blood goes in through the ____
“clean” blood leaves through the ____
arteries
veins
afferent vs efferent arterioles of kidneys
afferent = blood going into the glomerulus
efferent = blood leaving glomerulus
glomerular filtration creates a …
plasma-like filtrate of the blood
homeostasis
regulation of the volume of blood plasma, blood pressure, and pH
blood volume ___L
5 L
fluid in both plasma and RBC
changes in fluid will result in changes of ____
pressure
increase urine output can help relieve pressure
restricted urine output can maintain pressure (dehydration)
changes in fluid volume will start with ____
plasma
fluid in body ~__ L
~42 L
plasma, interstitial fluid, intercellular fluid
ways the body excretes fluid
breathing
sweat
crying
feces
metabolic waste products (kidneys)
urea
creatinine
bilirubin
uric acid
foreign substance waste products (kidneys)
drugs/medications
food additives
toxins
simple: how do kidneys regulate pH
simple: excrete or retain an acid or base
excrete or retain H+ ions (hydrogen ions)
excrete or retain HCO3- (bicarbonate)
kidney processes (3)
filtration
modification
excretion
blood flow of kindeys
Renal artery -> afferent arterioles -> glomerular capillaries -> efferent arterioles -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein and out
urine flow of kineys
Glomerulus -> proximal tubules -> Loop of Henle -> distal tubule -> collecting duct -> renal pelvis -> ureters
nephrons are supplied by ____
glomerular capillaries (filtration occurs here)
single direction
peritubular capillaries: ____ & _____ occurs
reabsorption secretion
multi-direction
study
cortical nephrons compose __%
70%
juxtamedullary nephrons compose __%
30%
all nephrons are composed with the same things but they are _____
located in different places
cortical nephrons are mainly in the ___
cortex
with Loop of Henle in the medulla
*shorter
juxtamedullary nephrons span across the ___
medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons are ____
cortical nephrons are ____
(length)
juxtamedullary nephrons are LONG
cortical nephrons are SHORT
juxtamedullary nephrons have different blood supply, called
Vasa Recta
Kidneys receive ____ L of blood/min
~1.2 L
Substance is filtered but none is reabsorbed=
Substance is filtered and partially reabsorbed=
Substance is filtered and totally reabsorbed=
Substance is filtered and added back via secretion=
Substance is filtered but none is reabsorbed.
-creatine
Substance is filtered and partially reabsorbed.
-water (maintain homeostasis in times of dehydration)
Substance is filtered and totally reabsorbed.
-glucose (none in urine)
The substance is filtered and added back via secretion.
-hydrogen ions H+ (help with homeostasis)
rate of filtration equation
Hydrostatic pressure is _____ in glomerular capillaries rather than peritubular capillaries.
higher
creates concentration gradient
what will cause the contraction of mesangial cells?
histamine
angiotensin
norepinephrine